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Oxidative stress plays an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. Dietary intake of antioxidants can inhibit or delay the oxidation of susceptible cellular substrates so prevent oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate potential protective and ameliorate effects of pineapple and kumquat powders against potassium bromate (KBrO3)-induced oxidative stress using experimental rats. Whole kumquat (seedless), kumquat seeds, pineapple flesh and pineapple leaves were analyzed for phenolic compounds. Measurement of potential of cytotoxicity against the liver carcinoma cell line (HEPG2) carried out by SRB assay of the ethanolic extract of whole kumquat seedless, kumquat seeds, whole kumquat, pineapple flesh, pineapple leaves, pineapple (flesh +leaves) and mixture of them.

Out of eight sterilization treatments made of combinations of Mercuric chloride (HgCl2), Clorox and Ethanol at different concentrations and exposure times, Clorox (25%) for 25 minutes was the best treatment resulting in successful sterilization of 56 % of crown tips of Smooth cayenne pineapple. The sterilized crown tip grew and produced multiple shoots on agar solidified full strength MS medium enriched with 6-benzyleaminopurine (BAP) at four different concentrations (2.25, 3.25, 4.25 and 5.25 mg l-1), but at different shoot formation rate. After 60 days of incubation, the highest shoot formation (7 shoots / tip) obtained in medium enriched with BAP at 2.25 mg l-1 followed by BAP at 3.25 mg l-1 (4 shoots). BAP at 4.25 and at 5.25 mg l-1 resulted in formation of 3 and 2 shoots per tip. The low percentage of successfull sterilization of crown tips (56 %) indicated that elimination of microbial ccontamination is still a serios problem and main drawback that prevent full investigation and optimization of establishment of crown tips of pineapple. Nevertheless, the few successfully sterilized crown tip proliferated into shoots good enough to investigate the next multiplication stage.

Papaya and Pineapple fruits are considered exceptional nutritional and medicinal properties throughout the world. The present investigation had been carried out to determine the proximate composition, mineral contents and vitamins of Papaya and Pineapple powder. Which contains (1.26, 0.51%) protein, (0.45, 0.22%) crude fat, (0.83, 1.14%) crude fiber, (83.60, 84.26%) ash and(8.36, 10.45%) of total carbohydrates, on a dry weight basis Potassium was highest in Pineapple the followed by calcium, magnesium and phosphorous were 148, 15.36, 12.61 and 11.82 mg/100g, respectively. While Papaya powder contain the highest amount of calcium followed by. phosphorous and magnesium were 21.73,18.32 and 11.60 mg/100g, respectively. Papya and Pineapple powder contained a higher amount of Niacin (0.36, 30.467 mg/100g) and Riboflavin the lowest (0.02,0.031 mg/100g) respectively for vitamins B group.

Smooth cayenne pineapple explants were cultured on full strength MS medium solidified with agar at 7 g/l, enriched with sucrose at 30 g/l and Benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 2.25 mg/l and subcultured every 60 days on the same but fresh medium for eight consecutive subcultures. Shoots formation per explant increased over the first five subcultures from 7 at the first to 16 shoots at the fifth then declined to 8 shoots over the next three subcultures. Total length and total weight of shoots per explant increased from 72 mm and 1.59 g at the first to reach a maximum of 149 mm and 2,58 g by the fifth subculture. Average length and average weight of shoot, on the contrary, decreased over subcultures from 11 mm and 0.24 g at the first to 7 mm and 0.09 g by the fifth subculture. However, the shoot resumed gaining weight and length after that to reach by the eighth subculture equal length and weight as that of the first subculture. Assuming that all of the in vitro produced shoots at each subculture were used on the next subculture, biomass weighting 25 tons and a total of 103 millions shoot could be produced after eight subcultures (16 months).

BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) at 2.25 mg l-1 applied singly, in combination with indole acetic acid (IAA) at 0.175; 0.75; 1.75 mg l-1 and in combination with IAA at 1.75 mg l-1 plus gibbrellic acid (GA3) at 1.0 mg l-1 and BAP at 3.25 mg l-1 applied in combination with IAA at 1.75 and 3.75 mg l-1 were tested for their effect on the biweekly pattern of shoot formation (shoot per explant) and shoot growth (length and weight) of Smooth cayenne pineapple over 105 days of incubation. The highest shoot formation after 105 days of incubation were 31 shoots obtained in medium enriched with BAP at 2.25 mg l-1 plus IAA at 1.75 mg l-1 and the lowest were 10 shoots obtained in medium enriched with BAP at 3.25 mg l-1 plus IAA at 3.75 mg l-1. The shoot formation over 105 days took place in cycles of high and low pulses ranged from none to 11 shoots per each two weeks. Different hormone treatments may result in equall shoot formation but induced significant different pattern of shoot formation. Both of single application of BAP at 2.25 mg. l-1 and combination of BAP at 2.25 mg l-1 plus IAA at 0.75 mg l-1 resulted in equal formation of 25 shoots, but the shoot formation at each two weeks of the 105 days incubation were 1; 6; 3; 4; 8; 2; 0 and 1; 5; 2; 5; 10; 1; 0 shoots respectively. Similar, combination of BAP at 3.25 mg l-1 plus IAA 1.75 mg/l and combination of BAP at 2.25 mg l-1, IAA at 1.75 mg l-1 and GA 3 at 1.0 mg l-1 resulted in equal shoot formation (20 shoots) but different pattern. The total length and weight of shoots increased as the incubation increased and the pattern of the pulses of high and low gain per each two weeks in total length and total weight showed less fluctuation than that of the shoot formation pattern

Combination of six different media (CH, DP, LS, MS, MT and N) and two hormone treatments (BAP alone at 2.25 mg.l-1 and combination of BAP at 3.25 plus IAA at 1.75 mg.l-1) were tested for its effect on the shoot formation and shoot length and weight of Smooth cayenne pineapple over three different incubation periods (30, 60 and 75 days). The optimum media varied according to the parameter used for assessment and hormone treatment. After 30 days of incubation, the highest shoot formation (7 shoots) obtained in MT enriched with BAP alone and LS enriched with combination of BAP and IAA while after 60 days the highest shoot formation (9 shoots) obtained in CH, MS and MT media enriched with BAP alone. After 75 days, CH medium enriched with combination of BAP and IAA resulted in the highest shoot formation (14 shoots). For production of tallest and heaviest shoots shorter incubation of 30 days and MT medium enriched with combination of BAP and IAA was the best choice (11mm, 0.36 g). MS which is the most commonly used medium was at all parameters and irrespective of the hormone treatments and incubation periods inferior than the other media. Recommendation of certain medium type for pineapple should be restricted to the intended length of incubation period and the growth parameter of major interest.