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This research aims to propose the most suitable destination image measurement for Saudi tourism by replicating Tsiotsou et al. (2010) SDI scale, which would enhance tourism experts' abilities to better manage the Saudi tourism ecosystem. This study explores the correlations among the hypothesised framework with constructs of DBI, BL, WoM, and LOY by employing the most proper data analysing approaches, which are the sequenced two types of factor analysis EFA and CFA plus SEM to evaluate the theoretical relationships within the framework. Subsequently, to the best of the author's knowledge, this study is the first to re-examine Tsiotsou et al. (2010) SDI scale in an Arabic-native context. This paper reveals a practical scale with statistically convenient dimensionality that built from 14 sub-items. The outcomes of the present paper consist of some findings and facts regarding destination image, destination love, destination WoM, as well as tourist loyalty. Also, the results confirmed that destination love can justify the collected emotions tied by vacationers to their selected destination. Lastly, our analysis pointed out that inspired visitors' feelings of destination love strongly motivate a positive WoM, and both enhance tourists' loyalty for a tourism destination. This study's conclusions were attained from N-381 satisfactory forms that were gathered electronically from Saudi residents and visitors due to limited expenses and time. The data was analysed with the Partial Least Square SEM (PLS-SEM). The formed hypothetical assumptions were all statistically supported. Academic and administrative contributions are presented alongside the acknowledged limitation.

At the heart of Saudi Arabia's 2030 Vision Project, there are new sectors that will be established and supported in order to develop their success and to make them the cornerstones of the future economy of Saudi Arabia. One of these is tourism for which the aim is to develop new attractions of the highest standard, which will gain international reputation. The purpose of this research is to identify the opportunities and challenges that Saudi Arabia encounters in order to be a global tourism destination. In particular, it will look at what factors that may account for successfully developing Saudi Arabia into a global tourism brand and identifying the changes and strategies that are required. The Target market for this study are from Europeans, Americans and Canadians nationalities. The sample consisted of 101 adults of both genders and various ages. Results include a discussion of factors influencing destination image, factors preventing people from going to Saudi Arabia, and perceptions of Saudi Arabia as a tourist destination. The study also discusses approaches that can be used to support promoting Saudi Arabia as a tourist destination, including types of tourist activities the country can offer.

هدفت هذه الورقة البحثية إلى التعرف على أهمية أبعاد التسويق الداخلي في جودة الخدمة في مؤسسة إتصالات الجزائر لولايتي المغير وتوقرت، ولتحقيق الهدف تطرقنا في هذه الدراسة إلى المفاهيم المتعلقة بالتسويق الداخلي وجودة الخدمة، ثم إعداد استبيان وزع على عينة غير عشوائية تقدر بـ 60 مفردة، وقد توصلنا في هذه الورقة البحثية إلى أن أبعاد التسويق الداخلي في مؤسسة اتصالات الجزائر بكل من ولايتي توقرت والمغير له أهمية، تتفاوت هذه الأهمية من بعد الآخر، على هذا الأساس أوصت الدراسة بمجموعة من التوصيات أهمها: الاهتمام أكثر بالتسويق الداخلي في مؤسسة اتصالات الجزائر بولايتي المغير وتوقرت، والاهتمام بالكافات المادية بالموظفين بالمؤسسة التي تنعكس إيجابا على تقديمهم لخدمات ذات جودة، والعمل على مشاركة أثر للموظفين في اتخاذ قرارات المؤسسة لتحقيق جودة خدمات أفضل، والبحث عن تقنيات إضافية أفضل للاهتمام بالزبائن بالمؤسسة بغية تحقيق جودة في الخدمة.

The factors associated with small industrial business have a significant impact on their performance and they need to be determined considering their contribution to the business performance. This study aims to recognize a set of variables that have the paramount impact on the performance of small industrial business. It also constructs a statistical model that is used to estimate the probability of faltering for any small industrial enterprise, and to determine its expected survival time. It applies cluster analysis to classify depending on variables, i.e., faltering and non faltering using Cox's regression model. Incredibly, the obtained results show that (i) the most influential variables affecting the success or failure of a small industrial business are: establishment expenses, workers wages, and cost of marketing products, (ii) the maximum degree of risk to small industrial business was during the fifth, sixth and seventh years, and the average lifetime of a small industrial enterprise ranged from 8 to 9 years. The results indicate that stakeholders must consider the faltering variables when making business decisions and looking into the policies implementation after the ninth year of the variables adoption.

Several organizations in Iraq manufacture similar commodities in this aggressive social trading. The objective of these organizations is diffusing information about their commodities publicly for popularity of the commodities in social media. More returns result in popular commodities and vice versa. The development of a framework incorporating two organizations engaging to broaden the information to the large media has been undertaken. The organizations first identified their initial seed points concurrently and then data was scattered as per the Independent Cascade Model (ICM). The major objective of the organizations is the identification of seed points for the diffusion of data to several points in social media. Significant is also how fast data diffusion can be done. Data effect will arise from either none, one or more nodes in a social interconnection. Evaluation is also accomplished on the number of fraction parts in various sections are affected by the different rates of data diffusion. The simulation result for suggested framework presented better outcomes result for random network 1 and random network 2 comparing with regular network. This framework is used a Hotelling framwork of competition.