Explore the vast range of titles available.

This study attempts to investigate the strategies of rejection in the arena of political debates. The main challenge in dealing with rejection strategies pragmatically lies in the idea that rejection is divided into two types: Explicit or Implicit. As such, the study tries to identify the main implicit pragma-linguistic strategies of rejection that the American debaters employ in arguments with their opponents. Furthermore, it highlights these indirect strategies of rejection that have been utilized more frequently by American debaters so as to serve their political agendas. Moreover, the study pinpoints the stage at which the rejection process takes place. Thus, the qualitative study uses an eclectic model primarily based on previous studies conducted in the field of argumentation (Van Eemeren & Grootendrorst, 2018) to investigate rejection strategies. The study has been concluded that American debaters more frequently employ offensive than defensive tactics to defend their positions and reject those of their opponents. As a result, they make an effort to discredit the opinions of their opponents in a variety of ways such as accusations, insulting, criticizing, denial, and condemning. Moreover, it has been noted that the process of rejecting a standpoint is initiated within the developing stage. Thus, the developing stage can be viewed as the essence of argumentation in which viewpoints are defended or rejected.

The current paper attempts to exhaustively investigate and analyses 'Racism' from a pragma-discoursal perspective. Racism is defined as a statement on 'Race' and 'Racial Prejudice' as,'' arranging groups hierarchically in terms of psychological and cultural characteristics that are immutable and innate.'' (U.N OHCHR: 2005:4). Racism is based on color, social, religious, cultural or linguistic reasons within society. However, this issue has not fully considered in linguistic studies in general and a pragma-discoursal investigational analysis. To bridge this gap, the present work tries to scrutinize the racist discourse pragmatically, concentrating on the pragma discoursal notions and their relevant strategies that construct the pragma discourse structure of racism. Thus, this paper tries to answer major questions including: 1- why racist discourse devices are employed in mass media Are there any discoursal a pragmatic device that are used to actualize and show racism to answer such questions, the present study hypothesizes that. some cohesive devices compose the discoursal structure of racism including the grammatical and lexical ones, transparency, nominalization that are used frequently in analyzing the racist discourse. Also, pragmatic devices compose pragmatic structure of racism including speech acts, deixis, presupposition, cooperative principles and politeness. On the basis of the questions and hypotheses that are stated above, it is concluded that the racial discourse can be analyzed through ideologies and speech acts, implicature with cohesive devices. The racists can employ the pragma-discoursal strategies that support most devices that are used frequently in favor of racist discourse.

انتشر مصطلح الخطاب وتعددت مفاهيمه، وانسلت عنه استراتيجيات تتناسب وسياقات إنشائه وتقبله، وتتنوع بتنوع مقاصده؛ مما جعل دراسة هذه الاستراتيجيات أساسا في الدرس التداولي، الذي يُعنى بالسياقات المنتجة للخطاب، وبالمقاصد التي تكشف عنها هذه السياقات؛ بنوعيها اللغوي، وغير اللغوي. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تناول هذا المصطلح بالشرح والتحليل تأسيسا لتطبيق بعض مفاهيمه على مدونة ذات مكانة في الدين الإسلامي وتاريخه، وفي الأدب العربي وفنونه، لا سيما فن الخطبة، وهي مكانة استقت أهميتها من موردين؛ الأول: مكانة صاحبتها الدينية والتاريخية والثاني: ما توافر لدى منشئة المدونة من كفاءات لغوية تواصلية أشار إليها مشيدًا كل من عرفها أو درس خطبها، وقد كشفت الدراسة عن هذه الكفاءة؛ عندما كشفت عن قدرتها رضي الله عنها على تخير الاستراتيجيات المناسبة للسياق، والمحققة للمقصدية. ومن ثم فالدراسة معنية بخطب السيدة عائشة رضي الله عنها وتهدف إلى الإجابة عن سؤال محوري: - ما أبرز الاستراتيجيات الخطابية التي استخدمتها السيدة عائشة رضي الله عنها في السياق المخصوص بخطابها؟ وما مدى صلاحيتها لإنجاح التواصل، وتحقيق المقصدية وصناعة الأثر المنسجم مع هذه المقصدية؟ وللإجابة عن هذه الأسئلة تحتم النظر في سياقات الخطب ومقاصدها؛ للوصول إلى مسوغات تعدد الاستراتيجيات لديها، والإبانة عن مدى نجاعة توظيفها.

With the rise of critical theories and legal regulations that criminalize racism and accentuate tolerant and liberal values, racist discourses turned to be articulated indirectly (Essed, 1990; van Dijk & Wodak, 2000; Wodak, 2008), and a neo-racist discourse replaced classical racism to be ostensibly respectable and democratic with reference to cultural, rather than racial, difference (Barker 1981; Jayasuriya, 2002; van Dijk, 1997, 2000). However, a blatant and essentialist racist discourse has found its way back to the public sphere in light of the Russia-Ukraine war. Racist remarks have been documented in different types of texts directed to the masses. Therefore, this paper investigates the discursive strategies through which classical racism normalizes its reappearance in a supposedly liberal and democratic political environment. To achieve its objectives, the study adopts the Discourse-Historical Approach (Wodak, 2008) to analyse 18 texts of politicians and media reporters and commentators that include racist and discriminatory remarks in justifying the classification of refugees into 'like us' and 'different' categories. The study finds that the racist discourse uses special rhetoric in order to adapt to the current socio-political realities by combining classical elements of racism, including those of culture, race, and religion, with spatial proximity. The result is that the close White Christian Europeans are the only social actors who belong in the in- (superior) group.

Dans cet article, nous tentons d'analyser les stratégies discursives des candidats des présidentielles algériennes de 2019 dans le débat politique « Le chemin vers le changement » traduit selon l'expression en arabe « Tarik ila taryir », premier en son genre dans le pays. Nous allons démontrer l'efficacité de ces stratégies pour la persuasion des Algériens. À partir de la transcription orthographique et la traduction du corpus, nous allons sélectionner les énoncés qui permettent la mise en oeuvre de ces stratégies discursives, de manière explicite ou implicite. Enfin, nous mettons le point sur la différence entre ce débat et ceux des élections de l'année 2014.

تسعى هذه الدراسة إلى البحث في الاستراتيجيات الإقناعية في خطب أبي عبيدة المتحدث الرسمي لكتائب القسام، للوقوف على مدى تجلي آليات الإستراتيجية التوجيهية في التواصل بين المتلقين مع مختلف ثقافاتهم، وتنوع جغرافيتهم السكانية، ومدى القدرة الخطابية لأبي عبيدة في إقناع متلقيه والتأثير فيه، وقدرته على مواءمة هذه الإستراتيجية مع السياق الذي ترد فيه، اعتمادًا على المنهج التداولي، الذي يعنى بدراسة النشاط اللغوي وعلاقته بمستعمله، وقد خرجت الدراسة بمجموعة من النتائج أهمها أن أبا عبيدة وظف هذه الخطب على أنها استراتيجية تواصلية تؤثر في المتلقي، وسيلتها اللغة وغايتها الإقناع.

This study attempts to investigate the various ideological representations of social change attempted by some characters in Tom Stoppard's trilogy The Coast of Utopia. Ideologies of the characters are analyzed depending on the definition of ideology as a set of beliefs, attitudes, and aspects that can be changed, acquired, used and shared socially and discursively by individuals and groups according to the required interests. Labov's (1972) narrative model of structural analysis is applied to the selected extracts from the trilogy. This model is used to investigate the macro structures of the selected text. In addition, Fairclough's (1995-2003) views of ideology that can be located in discourse conventions and discursive elements are applied too. The micro structures of the text are investigated through applying some aspects of Halliday's functional grammar. The study reveals the role of ideology in politicizing literature, politicizing the conservative and developmental ideologies, and the practical application of ideology to achieve social change in the environment of the trilogy. Some micro structures such as modal verbs, adjectives, material verbs, and conjunctions are used as representative aspects of the writer's text. Besides, legitimation, and delegitimation of ideologies are explored too. Moreover, discursive dualism plays an important role in creating ideal and problematic categories. This is to ideologize the characters' beliefs in an ideal and utopian society.