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الاستشعار من بعد وتطبيقاته الجغرافية في مجال استخدام الأراضي /
يسرني أن أقدم هذا البحث في : الاستشعار من بعد وتطبيقاته الجغرافية في مجال استخدام الأراضي ، كمبادرة من جغرافي عربي يكتب هذا الموضوع المتعلق بتطبيق تكنولوجيا الفضاء على دراسة الموارد البيئية واستخدامات الأرض، هذه المبادرة ليس القصد منها فقط تقديم بحث في ميدان جديد لم تلجه بعد الجغرافيا العربية ولكن أيضا لإثارة الاهتمام بالأهمية الكبيرة لهذه التقنية الجديدة المتعلقة برصد الأرض وما عليها من ظاهرات طبيعية وبشرية ومد الباحثين بزخم هائل من البيانات التي يمكن الاعتماد عليها في دراساتهم والتي تضيف الى وسائل البحث الجغرافي وسيلة أصبحت - وينتظر لها أن تكون - أشمل وأدق الوسائل.
Book
Assessment of Watersheds Vulnerability to Flood Risks Along North Western Coast of Egypt Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques
Egypt is characterized by its arid and hyper arid climate; flash floods directly affect human life and ecosystem balance through soil erosion and sediment exchange between different watersheds. The present study provides an integrated approach using remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems, multiple thematic layers, and field investigations to mitigate the flash flood hazard along the west Mediterranean coast area, Egypt, where devastating flash flood hazards and shortage in water supply are critical problems against the development of the region. Disastrous flash floods are much more frequent in some parts of the Mediterranean region this is due to the local climate, which is prone to short intense bursts of rainfall. The reliefs surrounding the Mediterranean Sea force the convergence of low-level atmospheric flows and the uplift of warm wet air masses that drift from the Mediterranean Sea to the coasts, thereby creating active convection. In addition, population growth is particularly high along the Mediterranean coasts, leading to a rapid increase in urban settlements and populations exposed to flooding. Total rainfall amounts as well as land use; soil and bedrock types and the initial soil moisture content influence the responses of watersheds to heavy rainfall events and especially their runoff rates: the estimated proportion of the incident rainfall contributing to the observed stream discharges. The runoff rates during flash floods are often limited to 10% to 30%. In some rare cases, when large cumulated rainfall amounts lead to saturation of the watersheds, runoff rates may reach 100%. The observed variability of flood frequencies and discharge magnitudes is therefore the result of complex interplay between the characteristics of the generating rainfall events (spatial extent, duration, maximum intensities) and the factors that control the response of the watersheds, especially rainfall rates.
Journal Article
Spatial Distribution of Kuwait Coastal Geomorphological Features Using Remote Sensing Methods and GIS Solutions
Goals: The study aims to create a coastal geomorphological map of Kuwait by using spatial technologies. Kuwait is a country located in the northwestern part of the Arabian Gulf, where a disparity in the country's coastline can be noticed despite its relatively short length. Remote sensing and GIS can help identify these spatial differences by using several solutions, such as spectral indicators, images enhancement, and visual analysis using high-resolution images captured by satellites or drones. Methods: In this paper, coastal geomorphological features were mapped along the coast of Kuwait and its islands using these spatial solutions, supported by statistical methods to determine the accuracy of the results. Kappa coefficients were computed at ground trothing points (n = 80) observed from field survey which showed good accuracy (0.73). Results: The results showed a wide variety in geomorphological features along Kuwait coast. Conclusion: The features included beaches, coastal sabkhas and tidal flats among other coastal features.
Journal Article
Spatial analysis of radon gas concentration Distrbuted at Baghdad City using remote sensing and geographic information system Techniquesd
Spatial analysis (spatial statistics) contain systematic techniques, that study actually geographic data have
geographic properties such as topological and geometric, spatial analysis involve difference types of technique.
Spatial analysis represented new understanding complex topics in form easy by any method or statistical for
study area include mathematics and logic. Using function of point density which represented the Radon gas
measurement geographic location, and limitation the density area by finding the radii (bandwidth) Kernel
Density Estimation (KDE) techniques variation to reach interest regions and hotspot of point’s neighborhood.
The aim of the research, applied the spatial statistical method to acknowledge concentrations of radon gas
pollution for environmental and human life conservation, and focuses on the region affected by determination
and orientation it in this method or tools for control outbreak to be facilitated, this potential possibility aid to
avoid research randomly for radon gas pollution regions, this processing consist by extraction the spatial
characteristics distribution that depending on distance measurements, by using geographic information system
(GIS) technical, and which exploited Global Positioning system to accurate simultaneously the spectral bands of
landsate satellite imagery to referencing the study area, and they have been determining the topology objects
such as land cover (water, vegetation and soil) and land use, to connected with points measurement of Radon gas
in Baghdad city only soils election, thought the soils were caused pollution based for objects type such as water
and air, because, the natural formative of layer soils by decay of radioactive isotope Uranium with erosion the
rocks and drift process with dissolved water or flood throughout the ages. Doing field the soil samples
measurement by RAD7 Mobil detector for 58 point samples election, which represented using soil type such as
vegetation land and land use touched with human life.
Journal Article
Anthropogenic Geomorphological Changes in the Coastal Area of Ain Al-Sokhna in Egypt Using Remote Sensing and GIS
Ain Sokhna in Egypt has undergone profound anthropogenic geomorphological shifts, driven by the establishment of the Sokhna port, tourist resorts, industrial facilities, and transportation routes. These alterations, closely linked to the region's strategic importance since the early 2000s, have essentially turned it into a hub for various industries. The construction of the Sokhna port caught the attention of various sectors, leading to the development of infrastructure and the transformation of the area into an attractive destination for tourism. Despite their human origin, these features are intricately connected to natural processes like erosion and sedimentation, causing noticeable changes in the morphology of the study area. While these human-induced activities have altered Ain Sokhna's coastal landscape, they have also yielded economic advantages, job opportunities, and infrastructural advancements. Striking a balance between development and environmental sustainability remains a formidable challenge for policymakers and local communities in the region, to address this challenge, it is imperative to conduct thorough studies, maintain ongoing monitoring efforts, and adopt sustainable coastal management practices. These measures are crucial to minimizing the adverse impacts of human activities and ensuring the long-term ecological health of Ain Sokhna.
Journal Article
Determination of optimum dam location in Al-Abedh Basin utilizing remote sensing and geographical information system techniques
The hard environmental factors of AL-Abedh basin region forced the native tribes to make multitude migrations in it around the year seeking for water and pasture lands . Existence of sufficient water supplement will settle these tribes down and enhancing their eco system. The real capability of GIS software to be a decisions making support tool or operations management assistant mean came from its ability of data integration and information analysis. This capability was invested in this research to determine the optimum location of a dam that confine huge amount of water in its lake which can be used to provide water for drinking, pasture irrigation and land reclamation along the valley banks, and hydroelectricity power generation. In this location one dam with two possible heights could be constructed with a medium to few permeability reservoir soil behind it having 77.781 km2 and 1039.306 km2 areas respectively.
Journal Article
Assessment of Erosion Dynamics on Marsa Matrouh Coast, Western Egypt, Using GIS and RS Techniques
The study area is a part of the north-west coast of the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt which extends to the west of Matrouh City for 15 km from Umm El-Rakham to Al Assi head. This region is characterised by a diversity of coastal landforms such as heads, bays, sand dunes, sharms, and others. Since some parts of this area has been subjected to severe erosion, the prevailing morphologic variables affecting the coastal landforms have been studied. The results confirmed the effective role played by the waves and the long shore currents in the development of the near shore, foreshore and backshore, whereas the effect of wind is observed in the sand dunes area. Remote sensing and geographic information systems methods have been used for detecting the changes in the coastal landforms, and in order to monitor these changes, two Landsat images separated by 33 years have been used. The results showed that the near shore zone and the shore line are the areas subjected to the risk of erosion by the strength and speed of the shore currents. The change in land cover has also been observed in the backshore area. By comparing the tow DEMs with interval of 11 years, some landforms showed vertical changes especially sand dunes and Sharm areas.
Journal Article
Determining the Effectiveness of Using Remote Sensing Indices to Deriving Sabkhas in Wadi An-Natrun Depression - Egypt
The floor of Wadi An-Natrun Depression has a high level of salinity and occupies by a shallow salt lakes, which are characteristic geomorphologic landforms. In general, Wadi An-Natrun Depression is characterized by very arid climate. The geological formations of Wadi An-Natrun Depression range from lower Miocene, lower Pliocene and Quaternary deposits. This study attempts to determine the effectiveness of using remote sensing indicators in deducing sabkhas in the Wadi El-Natrun depression utilizing Landsat 8 OLI satellite images based on field data of laboratory analyzes of sabkhas soil samples collected through the field study. To achieve this, linear and multiple regression models were applied between soil salinity and electrical conductivity (ECe) on the one hand and remote sensing indices on the other hand, where the NDSI index had the highest correlation coefficient of 0.872. This was followed by the derivation of the Enhanced soil salinity index from (NIR), (SWIR) 2 and the NDVI index, which had higher correlation than NDSI with electrical conductivity (ECe) of 0.918.
Journal Article
Color Image Quality Assessment Based on CIEDE2000
Combining the color difference formula of CIEDE2000 and the printing industry standard for visual verification, we present an objective color image quality assessment method correlated with subjective vision perception. An objective score conformed to subjective perception (OSCSP) Q was proposed to directly reflect the subjective visual perception. In addition, we present a general method to calibrate correction factors of color difference formula under real experimental conditions. Our experiment results show that the present DE2000-based metric can be consistent with human visual system in general application environment.
Journal Article
The Use of Remote Sensing and GIS to Study Land Use Changes in Barka Wilaya, Oman
Many studies house indicated the increase of the proportion of urban areas over the arable land in many provinces of the Sultanate of Oman. This came as a result of urban growth and development processes taking place since the era of the Renaissance which started in 1970. Consequently, spatial variation in land use is an important issue to be taken into consideration, because lands are being converted to be less productive, due to the lack of raw soil, vegetation, and water as a result of human exploitation of the limited resources in different ways, in addition to the natural factors of droughts and floods and all that will eventually lead to land degradation. Barka province (wilayat) in al Batinah Governorate is one of the provinces, which has been affected by land cover/land use changes due to several reasons. Therefore, this study will focus on the determination of land use changes, whether commercial or residential that have been occurred in the province, in addition to the loss of agricultural areas and fertile land during the period from 1987 to 2015. Remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) were utilized in order to delineate and to determine the cause of shrinking in the arable land and fertile land. Satellite images were used to detect the change in land use/land cover by applying selective digital image processing techniques such as supervised classification and change detection. Thematic maps were prepared using GIS software with attribute data about the land uses in the study area, which highlights and show the impact of urban growth on land degradation.
Journal Article