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Methods: 56 adult male albino rats were divided into two main groups; the first main group (7 rats) was fed on basal diet and was kept as a negative control group, the second main group (49 rats) were injected with alloxan to induce diabetes and were fed on basal diet. Diabetic rats were divided into seven groups, first group was kept as a positive control group while the other (6) groups divided to groups (1-2) were fed on basal diet + Samwa extract (150-250) ml/kg of rat weight, respectively, and groups (3-4) were fed on basal diet + curry extract (350-450(ml/kg of rat weight) respectively, and groups (5-6) were fed on basal diet + the extracts of Samwa and curry mixture (150-350, 250-450) ml/kg respectively at the end of the experiment (6 weeks). Rats were fasted for 12 hours before slaughter and collected blood samples to obtain Fasting serum glucose, lipid profile and (pancreas - kidneys and liver) functions. Results: The results showed that the best increase in body weight in group 4, and the best results of feed efficiency ratio in group 7, and the mixture of Samwa and curry in group 8 achieved a significant decrease in fasting glucose, about lipemia the best result of cholesterol in groups 7-8 and triglycerides in group 8 and The best results were low-density lipoprotein in group 7, very low-density lipoprotein in group 8, and high-density lipoprotein in group 6, and there was a significant improvement in liver and kidney functions, and the best results were for examination of pancreatic, kidney and liver tissues for group 8. Conclusion: The results showed that the mixture of Samwa and curry extracts achieved better results than the extract of individual leaves. Therefore, we recommend taking the mixture of Samwa and curry leaves to control the high level of glucose and lipid imbalance in diabetic patients.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the potential effect of Alhagi maurorum bread on nephrotoxicity caused by CCl4 in rats. In addition, the chemicals composition (moisture, protein, fat. fiber, ash and carbohydrates). Determined also total phenolic, flavonoids and total antioxidant content of Alhagi maurorum. Forty-two rats were divided into six equal groups. Group 1: control group (normal). Group2: treated with CCl4 (1ml/kg body weight (b.w)), twice a week for 4 weeks. Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 were treated with the same dose of CCl4 administered with Alhagi maurorum bread at concentrations 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% of Alhagi maurorum bread respectively. Results appeared that rats treated with CCl4 showed a significant increment in kidney function (urea and creatinine), total lipid, cholesterol, triglycerides and malondialdehyde (MDA), but a significant decline in the mean values of Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Total Antioxidant capacity (TAC) as compared with the control group. The treatment with Alhagi maurorum bread (7.5 and10 %) improved the functions of the kidney These protective effects were depends on concentration of Alhagi maurorum in bread. Alhagi maurorum has a protective effect against the loss of antioxidant activities as a result of the oxidative process caused by CCl4 injection due to its phytochemicals compounds (phenolic and flavonoids) and antioxidants. This protective activity of Alhagi maurorum bread suggests that regular consumption of it or food containing phenolic, flavonoids and antioxidants may protect against Nephrotoxicity and imbalanced antioxidants. Thus, the possibility that Alhagi maurorum bread reduces the risk Nephrotoxicity.

The present study was conducted to evaluate physicochemical, rheological, microbiological, antioxidant and sensory properties of probiotic fermented camel milk made from camel milk mixed with Oat milk. Fermented camel milk was made from camel milk served as a control, and the other treatments were made from camel milk after mixing with 25 and 50 % Oat milk. Results revealed that mixing of camel's milk with Oat milk were more effective in increasing the total solids, protein, ash, fiber, acidity, viscosity, phenolic content and antioxidant activity and these increments were proportional to the mixing ratio. Fermented camel milk containing 50 % Oat milk had the highest scores for sensory properties compared to other fermented camel milk treatments. This blend (fermented camel milk containing 50 % Oat milk) was evaluated as hypoglycaemic agent streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. In this respect, twenty four male adult albino rats of Sprague Dawely strain weighing 150- 185 g were divided into 4 groups as follows: Group (1) non-treated non- diabetic rats (negative control). Group (2) diabetic rats (received Streptozotocin (STZ), 60 mg/Kg BW) (positive control).Group (3) diabetic rats fed on basal diet with fermented camel milk (10g/day) by epi gastric tube. Group (4) diabetic rats fed on basal diet with fermented camel milk containing 50 % Oat milk (10g/day) by epi gastric tube. The treatment of diabetic rats with fermented camel milk containing 50 % Oat milk showed a significant decreases (p < 0.001) in levels of blood glucose, malondialdehyde (MDA), low density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol (CL), triglyceride (TG), AST, ALT, ALP, creatinin and urea and increased (p < 0.001) high density lipoprotein (HDL) and total protein and albumin in comparison to diabetic rats. Consumption of fermented camel milk containing 50 % Oat milk in diabetic rat groups caused significant improvement in all these factors, compared to the positive control group (untreated diabetic rats). Also in this study, for the first time, we demonstrated that administration of fermented camel milk containing 50 % Oat milk in diabetic rats resulted in enhanced of blood complications compared to the untreated diabetic group, indicating that fermented camel milk containing 50 % Oat milk can play a preventive role in such patients.

Searching for effective, low cost and less side effect containing herbal hypoglycemic agents is important therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the effect of olive leaves and stevia leaves of alcoholic extracts on diabetic rats. A total of thirty six male healthy rats, weighing (201±1.5g) were classified in to 2 main groups of extraction of olive leaves and stevia leaves each group was classified into 2 subgroup (levels of each type of extract at 0.2 and 0.5 %); in addition to the control negative (-ve) and the control positive (+ve) groups. The rats were divided into six groups: Group (1), the control negative (-ve) was fed on the basal diet. Group (2), the control positive (+ve) (diabetic rats) was fed on the basal diet. Groups (3 and 4) are diabetic rats fed on the basal diet containing olive leaves extract at 0.2 and 0.5 % respectively. Groups (5 and 6) are diabetic rats groups fed on the basal diet containing stevia leaves extract at 0.2 and 0.5 % respectively. At the end of the experimental period (6 weeks), rats were sacrificed and blood samples were collected to obtain serum. The results indicated that, STZ treated rats showed significant increase in glucose levels compared to normal rats. Supplementation with different levels of olive leaves and stevia leaves in the diet caused significant decrease (P<0.05) in the concentration of glucose level compared to the positive control one. It was also observed that the concentration of serum lipid profile, liver functions and kidney functions were significantly improved for all tested groups, compared to the positive control group. In conclusions, diet supplemented olive leaves and stevia leaves caused an improvement of the biochemical results from diabetes, therefore olive leaves and stevia leaves could be used as a suitable supplementation therapy for diabetic patients.

The study aims to evaluate the effect of germinated and fermented red radish seeds in alleviating liver and kidney toxicity induced by cadmium in experimental rats. The results showed that red radish seeds contributed to reducing the elevated levels of certain biochemical markers such as ALT, asing the activity of antioxidant AST, urea, creatinine, and MDA, while increreduction in organ damage, particularly when both enzymes, leading to a germinated and fermented seeds were used together

The 2008 election of Barack Obama as the first black president in American history was described as a historic moment and a ''quantum leap in the racial progress of the United States'' (Los Angeles Times, November 5, 2008). Obama's victory influenced reflections on race relations, questions on the legacies of slavery, and calls for social and political movements to advance the lives of black Americans. The latter marked a return of slavery to popular culture. Filmmakers went back to the days of slavery and emphasized its cruelty, violence, and exploitative nature. Among these films was Steve McQueen's 12 Years a Slave (2013). McQueen noted that traces of slavery are still present in America and are evidenced by the black prison population, poverty, poor education, and mental health problems in the black community. These issues needed a platform ''and that platform for me as an artist was cinema,'' declared McQueen (''12 Years A Slave'' Was A Film That ''No One Was Making,'' NPR magazine). This paper will discuss the film's direct ties to the contemporary political and social circumstances of African Americans, arguing that 12 Years a Slave portrayed the complexities of the institution of slavery and, in doing so, defined the complexity of contemporary race relations in the Obama era.

This study aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of Resveratrol in treating aspirin-induced acute gastric ulcers in male albino rats, through physiological, biochemical, and histopathological assessments. A total of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: a normal control, an aspirin-induced ulcer group (200 mg/kg body weight), and two groups treated orally with Resveratrol at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg daily. At the end of the experiment, gastric tissue was examined, and ulcer length, gastric juice volume, pH, and total acidity were measured, in addition to oxidative and inflammatory markers. Results revealed that the aspirin group exhibited significant increases in ulcer length and gastric secretion volume with a marked decrease in gastric pH, while Resveratrol administration notably ameliorated all ulcerative parameters. Treated rats showed shortened ulcer length, reduced secretion, elevated pH, and improved antioxidant and anti-inflammatory profiles. Histopathological examination confirmed mucosal restoration and reduced hemorrhagic and necrotic areas. The higher dose (50 mg/kg) demonstrated superior protective and healing effects compared to the lower one. The study concluded that Resveratrol exerts strong protective and curative effects against aspirin-induced gastric ulcers, primarily due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and its ability to promote mucosal regeneration. Further studies were recommended to confirm its potential as a natural adjunct therapy for NSAID-induced gastric injury. Abstract Written by Dar AlMandumh, 2025, Using AI.

This study investigates the effects of certain natural herbs-Lion's Leg (Alchemilla vulgaris L.), Senna (Cassia senna L.), and Sage (Salvia officinalis L.)- on body weight, lipid profile, and leptin levels in rats suffering from diet-induced obesity. The research aims to evaluate these herbs' ability to reduce body weight, improve lipid and glucose metabolism, and mitigate obesity-related hepatic and renal dysfunction. A total of 60 adult male rats were used and divided into two main groups: a normal control group (6 rats) and an obese group (54 rats) fed a high-fat diet for four weeks. After obesity induction, the obese rats were subdivided into nine subgroups receiving diets supplemented with different levels of the three herbs individually or in low/high combinations (2%, 4%, or mixed ratios). The experiment lasted for eight weeks, during which body weight, lipid profile, liver and kidney functions, blood glucose, and leptin levels were assessed. Results showed that all treated groups exhibited significant reductions in body weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL, with increased HDL levels, along with improved liver and kidney functions and reduced glucose and leptin levels. The best improvements were observed in the high-dose mixed herb group. Histopathological examination confirmed better hepatic and renal tissue structures compared to the obese control group. The study concludes that Lion's Leg, Sage, and Senna-individually or combined-possess potent natural therapeutic effects against obesity and its complications by enhancing lipid balance, antioxidant defense, and hormonal regulation of leptin. Further research is recommended to determine optimal dosages and elucidate the biochemical mechanisms underlying their anti-obesity effects. Abstract Written by Dar AlMandumh, 2025, Using AI.