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"التحقيق"
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Mechanisms for Clearing Private Real Estate Ownership between Legislation and Judiciary
The legislator aimed to address colonial-era issues by establishing an integrated real estate system to ensure stability in transactions. This led to adopting a property-based registration system, replacing the flawed personal registration method. Comprehensive land surveys were initiated to accurately identify property ownership, resulting in detailed listing and issuance of property registers. Due to slow land surveying, alternative mechanisms were introduced to expedite property deeds, such as the \"Act of Fame,\" which was abolished in 2007 due to its complications and impact on public and waqf properties. It was replaced by real estate investigations, and the Land Orientation Law introduced the certificate of possession. These mechanisms share common conditions: non-application in surveyed areas and protection of public, waqf, and tribal lands. However, they remain insufficient, highlighting the need for more effective tools to support land surveys and property cleansing. The judiciary is also urged to unify its stance and align with the legislator's objectives.
Journal Article
التباين والاتفاق في ضمانات التحقيق الإداري بين الشريعة الإسلامية والقانون الوضعي : وسائل التحقيق الشرعية والوضعية...
يأتي هذا الكتاب ليتناول \"التباين والاتفاق في ضمانات التحقيق الإداري بين الشريعة الإسلامية والقانون الوضعي، وسائل التحقيق الشرعية والوضعية\" وفي ضوء ذلك يحتوي الكتاب على ثلاثة فصول حيث يتناول الفصل الأول \"وسائل التحقيق الشرعية والوضعية\" ويتناول الفصل الثاني \"ضمانات التحقيق الإداري\" والفصل الثالث يتناول \"ضمانات التحقيق الإداري بين القانون الوضعي والتشريع الإسلامي\".
Book
Forensic Analysis of Document Examination Cases at RFSL Dharamshala
This paper presents a retrospective analysis of reported cases and examinations conducted by the Document Division of a prominent forensic science laboratory covering six districts in Himachal Pradesh, India, over the five years (2018-2022), additionally, we provide updated data for 2023-2024 limited to case intake and disposal at RFSL Dharamshala to reflect recent forensic case handling trends. The data collection process involved reviewing case files and examination reports to identify commonalities and deviations in cases related to document alterations. The dataset includes information on the types of document alterations, techniques used, and legal provisions applicable to each case. The analysis aims to provide insights into evolving trends in white-collar crimes involving document alterations within the jurisdiction. The dataset's reuse potential lies in its ability to inform future forensic investigations, policy development, and educational initiatives aimed at combating document-related fraudulent activities. This study contributes to the forensic science community's understanding of regional trends in document-related white-collar crimes and underscores the importance of continuous monitoring and adaptation to emerging threats. By elucidating patterns and methods employed by perpetrators, the dataset facilitates the development of proactive strategies for prevention, investigation, and prosecution. The establishment of robust forensic databases is advocated to effectively combat the persistent threat of document-related fraudulent activities. The insights gained from this study are anticipated to guide future forensic investigations and support efforts to address the dynamic nature of document alterations in a rapidly evolving technological landscape.
Journal Article
دور أجهزة التحقيق في المحافظة على سير المحاكمة العادلة
إن مرحلة التحقيق تعد مرحلة أساسية في الدعوى العمومية، إذ يساهم في تحديد هوية المجرم وصفة الجريمة وتقديمهما على صورتهما الحقيقية إلى المحكمة من أجل ضمان سير الإجراءات والتدابير الخاصة بها في شكل سليم لا يشوبه أي عيب أو شبهة، وهذا إكفالا لمبدأ المحاكمة العادلة، في أنه كل شخص يعتبر بريئا حتى تثبت جهة قضائية نظامية إدانته في إطار محاكمة عادلة تؤمن له الضمانات اللازمة للدفاع عنه بالنسبة لجميع الأطراف التي تمت في ذلك والملاحظ أن هناك عدة أطراف يرتكز عليها التحقيق ابتداء من الضبطية القضائية وصولا إلى النيابة العامة بحكم هذه الأخيرة هي صاحبة السيادة والسلطان عليها.
Journal Article
ضمانات المتهم في مرحلة التحقيق الجنائي : دراسة مقارنة
يعد موضوع ضمانات المتهم من المواضيع التي نالت قدرا من الاهتمام من رجال القانون ومن المهتمين بحماية حقوق الإنسان وذلك لأرتباط هذه الضمانات بالأديان السماوية وإعلانات ومواثيق حقوق الإنسان الدولية والإقليمية والدساتير وقوانين الإجراءات الجنائية التي دأبت جميعها على النص والتأكيد على تأمينها بحقوق وضمانات تحفظ كرامة الإنسان وتحميه وعدم السماح للدولة بتضييق الخناق على هذه الحرية الفردية إلا لضرورة حماية أمن وسلامة المجتمع.
Book
Demographic Variability in Fingerprint Patterns
Fingerprints' unique patterns are the source of human identification, particularly for forensic investigations. Several studies established an association of fingerprint patterns with demographic variables like age, gender, blood group, and social behavior, but these relations lack statistical evidence. Additionally, a socio-demographic factor, caste, remains unexplored. Here, we report the statistical relationship of demographic factors with fingerprint patterns in Bahawalpur, Pakistan. A quantitative and qualitative approach is utilized to study fingerprint patterns of 500 female individuals. Loop pattern accounts for 64.5%, followed by whorls 27.4% and arches 8.1%, in the sampled population. Among all castes, the loop pattern dominates, followed by whorls and arches. Rajpoot and Malik have slightly higher portions of whorls compared to other castes. A 1-sample t-test shows the variability among demographic factors and indicates that the fingerprint pattern may have some influence on demographic factors. One-way ANOVA highlights that caste may have some significant relation with arches and whorls, while age and blood group show no statistical significance. Pearson correlation and Spearmen Rank's correlation test give a significant p-value of 0.008 and 0.019, respectively, for caste and fingerprint patterns and support that a significant relationship exists, although weak. These findings emphasize the stability and reliability of fingerprint patterns as biometric identifiers in forensic investigations, especially in a particular demographic region. Future research should implement these findings in a larger population sample and demographic region to understand fingerprint patterns variability further.
Journal Article