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The present study aims to investigate how the employment of the different elements of the physical setting in Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra, as evoked through the dialogue, contribute to the thematic concerns of the play and to the development of the character of the Egyptian queen. Exploring the influences on Shakespeare's portrayal of Egypt by examining the sources of knowledge available during the early modern period in England as informed by Classical writings and contemporary travel accounts, the study shows the close connection between the character of Cleopatra and the different components of the Egyptian urban and ecological settings. While the New Historicist approach is used to contextualize the play within its historical and cultural milieus, the eco-critical approach, on the other hand, helps demonstrate Shakespeare's view of the interplay between the natural setting and the human character, showing how the ecological elements contribute to the representation of Egypt and the characters, Queen Cleopatra in particular. It turns out that Shakespeare's Cleopatra is depicted as deeply rooted in the Egyptian landscape, her identity shaped and defined by the natural elements of her homeland. Sharing the qualities of the Nile, the fertile soil, and Egypt's flora and fauna, Cleopatra ultimately emerges as the embodiment of Egypt itself, rising from the very mud of the Nile and embodying a profound unity with the land and its elemental forces.

This study delves into the intricate web of power and representation woven by French President Emmanuel Macron in his speech addressing the tragic murder of Samuel Paty. The main objective was to investigate how Islam is portrayed in western political discourse. The research utilized Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and followed Van Dijk's ideology square, which involves a \"positive self-presentation\" and a simultaneous \"negative other presentation\". The findings revealed that Macron presented himself in a positive light while portraying the Islamic world in a negative manner. Specifically, he intentionally associated them with terrorism. This study examines the representation of Islam in western political discourse and applies rhetorical devices to analyze the findings within the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis. The analysis results were able to identify the characteristics of the image that Macron portrayed of Islam in his speech, which is a negative, biased image based on preconceived stereotypes about Islam. The speech tends to use the strategy of instilling fear of Islam (Islamophobia), which leads us to conclude that it is a confrontational speech aimed at clashing civilizations and has ideological and political hidden agendas. However, this analysis is not merely an exercise in exposing Macron's rhetoric. It is a call to action. By recognizing the obstacles Muslims and Arabs face due to such skewed portrayals, we pave the way for progress. This necessitates actively countering these distorted narratives and promoting a nuanced understanding of Islam, one that celebrates its rich tapestry of cultures, contributions, and peaceful values.

In the given research, the authors attempt to investigate the persuasiveness of rhetorical wording, with a specific reference to the metaphors of speech used by Ali Abdullah Saleh in his last address given on 2 December 2017. The paper explores the use of language in the settings of armed civil war, particularly the way Saleh used metaphor to frame political legitimacy, and mobilize support against Houthis. The criteria used to analyze this is Critical Metaphor Analysis by Charteris -Black, which examines the ways in which rhetorical appeals to pathos (emotional resonance), ethos (moral credibility), and logos (logical argument) are supported by metaphorical language. The analysis also focuses on the processes of in-group solidarity and out-group exclusion which are enhanced with the help of such rhetoric. The paper also uses the four strategic dimensions developed by Charteris-Black namely the right intention, right thinking, right story and right sounding in examining the overall persuasiveness of the rhetorical expression of Saleh in his final address. The Initial results indicate that Saleh employed culturally-grounded metaphors to characterize the Houthis for persuasive purposes. This paper highlights the essential role of metaphorical language in political speeches during civil war.

The present study is in the field of Critical Discourse Analysis. It tries to offer a critique of the socio-cognitive approach of Van Dijk to CDA which is based on a number of bases among which polarization is one. A number of shortcomings have been recognized in CDA in general and the ideological square adopted by van Dijk in specific. These shortcomings make the points of criticism on which light needs to be shed by the present study. Confusing equality with justice, circularity and ideological orientation make the major points referred to above. Some theoretical modifications supported by a practical application have been offered as an attempt to offer a new perspective for the ideological square in CDA as adopted by van Dijk.

هدف الدراسة: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة دور الخطاب الديني الرسمي في مناهضة عنف الجماعات المسلحة في المجتمع المصري، وتحاول الكشف عن السياق الذي أحاط بالخطاب الديني وأسهم في تشكيله، بالإضافة إلى محاولة تفكيك الخطاب الديني لمعرفة لغته، ووسائل تداوله، وأهدافه المعلنة، ورصد أهم الموضوعات التي ركز عليها عند رده على شبهات الجماعات المسلحة، والتي تستخدمها لتبرير استهدافها لقوات الأمن، وقتل المدنيين. وتبين الدراسة أهم الأساليب التي استخدمها الخطاب الديني الرسمي للتأثير على متلقي الخطاب من الشباب وغيرهم حتى لا ينضموا إلى الجماعات المسلحة. المنهجية: اعتمدت الدراسة في منهجيتها على أسلوب التحليل النقدي للخطاب، وتبنت إطارا نظريا، يتكون من الآراء النظرية لهابرماس عن الدين العام والمجتمعات ما بعد العلمانية. النتائج: 1- حرص الأزهر على إنشاء مرصد خاص لمكافحة التطرف والرد على شبهات الجماعات المسلحة، ونشر خطابه بعدة لغات. 2- اهتم الخطاب الديني بتوضيح رفضه لما تقوم به الجماعات المسلحة من أعمال عنف وقتل للمدنيين والعسكريين. 3- استخدم الخطاب الديني أساليب متنوعة للتأثير على متلقي خطابه؛ منها أسلوب وصف الذات ووصف الآخر، وأسلوب الدعم، والابتهالات الصوفية، وعرض الحقائق، وغيرها. الخلاصة: أدى الخطاب الديني الرسمي دورا مهما وفعالا في محاولة التصدي لما تروجه الجماعات المسلحة من خطابات تهدف إلى جذب الشباب للانضمام إليها.

Objective: This study aims to highlight the violations of human rights by ISIS in Iraq and Syria. The study addresses the following question: How does ISIS get by with its systematic human rights violation in the name of Islam when Islamic Law (Shari'ah) itself opposes its ideology and actions? Methods: The case study was used to provide an example of ISIS's human rights violation within the framework of International Human Rights Law. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is then implemented to illustrate that ISIS can get by with its systematic violation of human rights in the name of Islam by using a particular linguistic strategy when engaging religious texts and beliefs. Results: the study has illustrated how ISIS is engaged in systematic and widespread human rights violations and thus legitimizes the condemnation of ISIS's actions. This evidence also helps the international community in its current efforts to build a strong case against ISIS concerning its individual criminal responsibility for its crimes against humanity. Through CDA, this study demonstrates exactly how authentic Islamic texts condemn the ideology and actions of ISIS. It thus vindicates the Islamic faith from the false accusations with which it has been victimized because of ISIS's human rights violation. Moreover, by addressing this critical conflict between ISIS and Islamic Law, this study legitimizes the denouncement of ISIS as un Islamic and thereby aids the International Muslim Community in reclaiming its Islamic identity from ISIS by helping it to further distance itself from ISIS's actions. Conclusion: Regarding ISIS's selective usage of the Qur'an, this study demonstrated that with ISIS's use of any passage, its proper contextualization revealed a different scriptural intention. By carefully contextualizing ISIS's human rights abuse within the framework of the UDHR, this study illustrated precisely how ISIS is discursively engaged in systematic and widespread human rights abuse in the name of Islam. Furthermore, by addressing the critical conflict between ISIS and Islamic Law regarding ISIS's ideology and actions, this study legitimizes the denouncement of ISIS as un-Islamic.

This article provides an analysis of Donald Trump's inauguration speech in 2017, employing an approach of critical discourse. Applying Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as a theoretical foundation, this analysis investigates the linguistic features, discourse strategies, and thematic elements manifested in the given speech. The article posits that the speech delivered by Trump served as a potent instrument for attacking the entirety of the political establishment within the United States. This exemplifies the various methods by which language can be employed to sway and exert influence over the general populace, as well as to contest prevailing power dynamics. The analysis further emphasizes the need to employ critical discourse analysis as a means of comprehending the manners in which language is employed to influence power dynamics and social change.