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"التفرقة العنصرية"
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Names Forming and Deforming Identities
The article studies the calamities the migrants face in western societies. It uses Frantz Fanon's ideas of psychoanalysis to critically read and examine Jhumpa Lahiri's novel The Namesake. The novel narrates the events that occurred to an Indian family abroad for thirty-two years from 1968 to 2000. The cultural clashes a newly arrived couple from Calcutta, India encounter in Cambridge, America to the calamities their children later face are meticulously depicted in the story. Most of the novel's events revolve around Gogol Ganguli, who suffers from a duality of personality and develops double consciousness because of his Indian name. The study finds that although they distance themselves from their traditions and embrace the western culture, the migrants can not fully assimilate to the white culture and eventually develop identity crises.
Journal Article
Ernest Hemingway's Recognition of Ideologies of White Supremacy, Colonialism, and Anti-Semitism in the Sun Also Rises
Ernest Hemingway's creation of a vilified Jewish character in The Sun Also Rises (1926) has outed him as anti-Semitic. His negative treatment of the Jewish character Robert Cohn can be read as an unpleasant portrait of Jews. Putting theories of post colonialism in conversation with the theory of performativity, I read The Sun Also Rises (1926) as a narrative that challenges racial stereotypes generated by colonial discourses of race and ethnicity. This study challenges any claims of Hemingway's anti-Semitism by investigating his defiance of notions of white supremacy and colonialism as inspired by scientific racism and its reinforcement and legitimization of white dominance. I contend that Hemingway's deployment of anti-Semitic language and representations serves to illustrate his recognition and subversion of the racial hierarchies perpetuated by colonialism and scientific racism. Hemingway's novel tends to unveil and interrogate notions of white supremacy and colonialism rather than to racialize Jews.
Journal Article
Cruel Optimism in Athol Fugard's a Lesson from the Aloes
This research investigates the manifestation of \"cruel optimism\" in Athol Fugard's A Lesson from the Aloes, specifically analyzing how the characters experience crisis ordinariness, impasse, and misrecognition. The study aims to explicate how these receptive and experiential states shape the characters' responses to personal and socio-political ordeals under apartheid. The analysis employs Lauren Berlant's theoretical framework of cruel optimism, which describes the emotional attachments to desires or objects that ultimately disrupt flourishing. The findings reveal that each character is enmeshed by forms of cruel optimism: Piet clings to the ideal of resilience and belonging, yet this attachment deepens his sense of displacement. Gladys yearns for psychological safety, but her efforts are overwhelmed by trauma and the persistent threat of betrayal, leading to a perpetual state of impasse. Steve's hope for solidarity and escape is undermined by suspicion and systemic oppression. His cruel optimism stems from his misrecognition to initiate a better future to his family. The play demonstrates how crisis becomes ordinary and how misrecognition undermines the possibility of genuine connection. A Lesson from the Aloes offers a pathetic exploration of how individuals attach themselves to sustaining optimistic fantasies that, under conditions of political and personal imprisonment, become obstacles to their well-being. The play exemplifies Berlant's concept of cruel optimism and illuminates the affective costs of survival in a hostile environment. Ultimately, Fugard's characters epitomize the paradox of seeking hope and meaning in circumstances that continually frustrate both.
Journal Article
Images de L'esclavage dans Quelques Écrits Contemporains
L'Histoire prouve que l'esclavage a toujours existé. C'est un phénomène ancien qui s'est métamorphosé à travers les siècles selon les besoins et selon les circonstances. L'esclavage est le fait de soumettre un être humain à une situation de dépendance totale. L'esclave est un être humain fragile et humilié. D'un point de vue politique, juridique et social : l'esclave est presque l'égal d'un animal puisque le maître dispose librement de sa personne. L'esclave doit accomplir docilement tous les ordres de son maître. Il travaille à la longueur de la journée et il ne perçoit aucune rémunération de son travail. L'esclavage est un système socio-économique qui repose sur l'oppression, l'exploitation, la soumission et la violence. Depuis longtemps, les civilisations ont donné le droit au maître de dominer totalement cet être privé de tous ses droits, autrement dit, l'esclave. L'esclavage est un crime contre l'humanité. Ce crime se perpétue à travers les siècles mais sous différentes formes.
Journal Article
Muslims and Nationalism in American Political Discourse between Stability and Change
The candidate for the US presidential elections and former president Donald Trump focused on the identity variable as one of the most significant changes he sees in determining and directing US voters, to the extent that it has made it a center of American self-affirmation and American nationalism from his own point of view. Non-Americans trying to influence the electorate from this perspective. This study relies on the comparative method in order to understand the similarities and differences between previous historical periods and the speeches of former presidential candidate Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential elections. The study also relies on a technique of content analysis to explain and understand the speech and aims of former President Trump.
Journal Article
Dynamics to Buffer Discrimination and its Psychological Effects among Arab Americans
The research purports to analyze discrimination, its effects, and the way it impacted the Arab Americans. Unquestionably, the ethnic and religious discrimination against Arab Americans results in stress, malaise, and other psychological discomforts. This research spots the light on certain elements that had been deeply examined and, consequently, considered by ethnic studies researches as negative aspects that aggravate the existing stereotypes of the Arab Americans' status. Contrary to that, this research investigates the ways in which family affinity, religiousness, and racial affiliation can be turned reversibly into positive factors that help Arab Americans to mitigate discrimination and, consequently, decrease its serious psychological effects.
Journal Article
Examining Black Women's Identity in Maya Angelou's Poetry through Tajfel's Social Identity Theory
Maya Angelou's poetry is an expression of black women's identity through the lens of Tajfel's Social Identity theory, a feminist perspective. This study aims to explore the cultural identities and experiences of black women in an anti-black society by using a black feminist theoretical perspective. The study acknowledges the unique cultural experiences of black women regardless of their diversity and uses an implicit comparative, qualitative, explorative, argumentative, and analytical method of scientific research. Divided into an introduction and three parts, this study provides an in-depth analysis of Maya Angelou's poetry and its connection to black women's identity. The findings of this study shed light on the complexity of black women's experiences and cultural identities in the face of oppression. The study also focuses on analyzing the ways in which Maya Angelou's poetry reflects the experiences and identities of Black women, and how Tajfel's social identity theory can be used to understand these experiences. The study specifically focuses on analyzing empowering selected poems _ Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water 'Fore I Diiie (1971)_ by Maya Angelou and examining the themes of identity, oppression, and resistance in her work. The study also explores how Angelou's work reflects the principles of Black feminism and feminist theory, and how her work can be used to further our understanding of the experiences of Black women.
Journal Article
Humanizing the Empire and De-Humanizing the Colonies
George Colman's Inkle and Yarico, 1787, is regarded as an integral part of the eighteenth century anti-slavery literary discourse. This paper challenges the dominant critical perception of Colman's Inkle and Yarico as an anti-slavery work and re-reads it as a dramatic attempt to defend slavery and by extension colonization. Colman achieves his goal through three calculated elements: dehumanization of the Indians; humanization of the English; distancing the English from slave trade. By applying the theory of tropicality, it becomes clear that the environment and population of the West Indies emerge as inferior (Other) to those of England (Self). Indigenous feminism enables us to avoid the romantic and sentimental trap and tap into Colman's manipulation of Yarico's power as an indigenous woman. Colman employs her power to sanctify Inkle, the colonizer and the representative of imperialism as the new master of the land and its inhabitants.
Journal Article
The Neurosis of Blackness and Psychological Trauma in Edward Albee's The Death of Bessie Smith
Edward Albee (1928-2016), as a playwright, indicates that art should be useful and have a message. Therefore, his work foregrounds and critically examines issues concerning the neurosis of blackness and psychological trauma. Albee uses cruelty of racism in reflecting psychological trauma and emotional abuse of American black identity in his plays. Race, social inequality, and gender still sustain to engender controversy audience consciously. Racial discrimination is one of the major issues that affect the American Society. Albee challenges and exposes the presumptive dreams of equality of American society and institutional racism. Therefore, one of the main problems of the twentieth century in America is a skin color. It affects every phase of African Americans' life including self-concept and identity which are never resolved, in addition to outlining the reasons and origins of violence as a cause of white-dominated supremacy. In his, work Albee gives different insights and meanings to those elusive dreams, showing that the consequences of such unfulfilled dreams are disappointment, despair, and death. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of psychological trauma and emotional abuse of the racial distinction in Edward Albee's The Death of Bessie Smith (1956) and its effect on the elusive dreams such the dream of turning white, liberty and equality of Afro-Americans.
Journal Article