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1,468 result(s) for "الخلفاء الراشدون"
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نشأة الرقابة الإدارية في الإسلام
شهدت مصر عما قريب وخلال هذا العام ٢٠٢١م احتفالا واسعا بمرور ستين عاما على نشأة جهاز الرقابة الإدارية، فتبادر إلى الذهن سؤال فحواه: ألم يكن لهذا الجهاز وجود قبل ذلك، مما دفعني إلى البحث عن نشأة هذا الجهاز في التاريخ والحضارة الإسلامية، خاصة أن الدولة العربية بعد وفاة الرسول (صلى الله عليه وسلم)، وإبان عصر الخلفاء الراشدين قد شهدت حروب الردة وحركة فتوحات كبيرة امتدت من جزيرة العرب إلى المشرق الإسلامي، وأسقطت دولة الفرس، وترامت أطراف الدولة الإسلامية العربية إلى بلاد المغرب العربي ثم كانت فتنة مقتل الخليفة عثمان بن عفان (رضي الله عنه) والتي تبعها الصراع بين الخليفة علي بن أبي طالب (رضي الله عنه) ومعاوية بن أبي سفيان (رضي الله عنه)، وفي خلال تلك الفترة عن لي دراسة التطورات الإدارية التي كان لها أكبر الأثر على الرعية، لتكون محورا أساسيا لهذه الورقة البحثية في محاولة لإيضاح الأمور المتعلقة بهذا الجانب الحضاري الهام.
The Selection Factors of the Leaders for the Conquest of Al-Maghrib \41-91 AH. / 661-710\
The Arab conquest of al-Maghrib began during the reign of the second caliph of the Al-Rashidun caliphs; ʿUmar ibn al-Khattab (13-23 AH/634-644) and was completed in the reign of the sixth Umayyad caliph Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik (86-96 AH/705-715). Eastern historians have concentrated on the campaigns of the Muslim military leaders in al-Maghrib during the Al-Rashidun caliphs and the Umayyad state. However, the relationship between the Umayyad caliphs and the leaders of the conquest was not their focal point. Among these leaders were; Muawiya b. Hudayj al-Kindi (d. 58 AH/678), ʿUqbah ibn Nafi (d. 63 AH/683), Hassan ibn al-Numan (d. 86 AH/ 705), and Musa ibn Nusayr (d. 97 AH/ 716). Western historians have examined the crises occurring in the Umayyad state, but they did not clarify its impact on the relationship between the military leaders and the Umayyad caliphs. This study aims to analyze the process of selecting the military leaders by the Umayyad caliphs in completing the Arab conquest of al-Maghrib. It discusses the support offered by the Umayyad state to these leaders. This study also illustrates the relationship between the Umayyad state and the military leaders of the conquest. In addition to that, it clarifies the circumstances of the Umayyad state and its effects on the relationship between the Umayyad caliphs and the military leaders.