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يهدف البحث إلى رصد وتعريف الباحثين بأهم التوجهات الحديثة في القياس والتقويم، ويأتي البحث على محورين: المحور الأول يبحث في الطرق الإحصائية: التحليل العاملي، تحليل الرسم البياني الاستكشافي، توجهات حديثة في تقدير الثبات (معامل ألفا الطبقية، معامل ألفا الرتبي، معامل ثيتا الرتبي، أوميجا الموزونة، معامل الثبات المركب)، النمذجة بالمعادلات البنائية (النموذج البنائي، تحليل المسار، النماذج العاملية)، الأداء التفاضلي للمفردة. والمحور الثاني في البرامج الإحصائية: حزمة برامج SPSS، حزمة AMOS، برنامج JASP، برنامج LISREL وذلك للوقوف على تلك المفاهيم والأدوار الإحصائية المخصصة لها بالإضافة إلى بيان الاختلافات بينها في أهداف عمليات القياس المستخدمة فيها.

يقدم هذا الكتاب إسهاما مهما في نظرية الرسم البياني إذ تعد نظرية (البيان) النظرية الأفضل في استكشاف طرق البرهان في الرياضيات المتقطعة وغيرها من التطبيقات في كثير من النواحي الحسابية والاجتماعية والعلوم الطبيعية يستند إلى نتائجها ووضع الكتاب بوصفه مقدمة تصلح لبداية الدراسات العليا أو البكالوريوس ويتميز بأنه لا يفترض أي معرفة معلومات مسبقة في نظرية البيان فيبدأ من الصفر في تقديم بنية البيانات والأساليب التي استعملت لتحليل المسائل في نظرية البيان على الرغم من أنه يشتمل على كثير من الخوارزميات والتطبيقات.

Creative writing skills are very necessary today for the primary students in the English classes that need to be fostered. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of using graphic organizers for developing EFL creative writing skills among gifted primary graders in language schools. The participants of the present study consisted of one group of gifted primary four graders at Capital Language Schools, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt, during the first term of the academic year 2023/2024, including 20 pupils. The researcher prepared an EFL creative writing checklist. The teacher used pre-post EFL creative writing skills tests and quantitative and qualitative research methods for collecting data. The results revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in using graphic organizers between the EFL writing pre-test and post-test for developing EFL creative writing skills among primary four gifted graders at language schools.

هذا الكتاب يعرض النظرية العامة للإسقاط، ثم عرض وتحليل لنظم الإسقاط المعروفة وبيان مجال استخدامها بعد ذلك تعرض نظم الإسقاط الحديثة التي ظهرت مؤخرا بنتيجة الأبحاث في هذا المجال وإن الأساس الرياضي للمخططات والخرائط والصور الفضائية هو نظام الإسقاط. وأن التعامل مع المخططات أو الخرائط أو تحليل الصور يتطلب معرفة تامة بنظام الإسقاط.

This paper addresses the multi-center location problem, in which a set of p centers to be located to minimize the maximum distance between a center p and its nearest demand point. The problem is NP-hard. Therefore, polynomial time-bounded algorithms are unlikely to yield an optimal solution. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a metaheuristic algorithm that has been shown to be effective in solving such hard and complex optimization problems. This paper presented a new PSO for the multi-center location problem on small networks. Three objectives are considered as follows: (1) developing a new PSO algorithm to solve the problem, (2) applying the developed algorithm to a set of well-known benchmark location problems, and comparing the results. (3) verifying the stability of the algorithm. The result is a simple but effective algorithm for solving multi-center problems on networks. The new proposed PSO algorithm solved multi-center location problems, when all candidate solutions can be investigated. PSO was found to be stable and the average time of runs increases linearly as the number of centers increases. The advantage of this algorithm is that, it calculates the optimal solution for each candidate solutions.

For a finite commutative ring R, we define a mapping φ: R × R⟶ R × R, by (a,b) ⟶ (a+b, ab) for any (a, b) ∈ R × R. This mapping can be interpreted as a finite digraph G= G (R) with vertices R × R and arrows defined by φ. Some new results are noticed and proved using the rings R=Zn×Zn. Furthermore, Mathematica Software® is used to calculate and drow the directed graph G= G (R).

Background: Nurses frequently work as part of teams. High-quality care can only be delivered through effective communication among team members. Social network analysis (SNA) seeks to discover the connections. In a hospital, connection between nurses working in different departments is critical. In the same vein, groups of nurses and their social relationships in hospital settings are highly important. Networks play a significant role in work settings such as hospitals. The power of clusters (i.e. groups or teams of nurses) could be regarded as net capacity. If the power of a cluster increases, strength and quality of offered services will rise too. The social network analysis is intended to discover the associations and represent them graphically (i.e. qualitative representation). This means social connections are represented in a quantitative and mathematical language. Objectives: The present study aims to examine the relationships between nurses working in Razi Hospital (Rasht, Iran), analyze the relationships through social network analysis, categorize as well as cluster the network of nurses at Razi Hospital, and represent the resulting data of social network analysis as network graphs. Patients and Methods: This study employs soft system operation research as a qualitative research strategy to deal with the network of nurses working at Razi Hospital during 2016 in Iran as a case study. In terms of its area, Razi is the largest hospital of the Gilan Province of Iran. In this regard, 64 nurses engaged in the study through deep interviews with from 6 various departments of the hospital according to SNA procedure. The gathered qualitative data was analyzed using the Gephi software; ultimately, findings are depicted as network graphs in section 5. Results: Nurses network of Razi Hospital (Rasht, Iran) includes 64 nodes/nurses and 168 edges/links, which are non-directional and weighted. After implementation of different steps in social network analysis, it can be state that, nurse network of the hospital includes 9 clusters out of which, 6 clusters belonged to studied departments. Due to the network low density, which is 0.083, the network has low coherence. This means that only 8.3% of the total potential and potential relationships in the network have been activated. Results concluded that, unfortunately, onlymembersof different departments interact with each otherandin the section, they work in. Conclusions: In Razi Hospital, network of nurses is characterized by weak connections between different departments. However, the relationship between members (i.e. relationship between nurses in a department) is strong and this signifies that nurses of a cluster or department are related to each other. The findings suggest that members of a certain department as well as between departments should closely associate with each other. In addition, there is a significant association between those departments of the hospital in which nurses are working. We can use significant association in health care aspects that require organizational and organizational decision making. Nurses play an important and critical role in planning the main functions of hospital management