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The reliance on the current international, regional, and national legislative frameworks, including their criminal aspects and their applications aimed at protecting personal data, despite considerable efforts The existing international, regional, and national legislative frameworks, including their criminal provisions, are currently inadequate for protecting personal data despite significant efforts at various doctrinal and judicial levels. The presumption that existing protections are sufficient without acknowledging the rapid advancements in science and technology calls for new regulations that are in tune with sophisticated artificial intelligence systems, thereby ensuring robust and effective legal safeguards against emerging crime forms that jeopardize personal and private data. Therefore, it is crucial not to merely extend existing legal frameworks, which were primarily designed for an earlier era, to address new challenges posed by technological advancements that have significantly widened the scope and flow of data. We must adopt a fresh approach that is tailored to meet the challenges posed by artificial intelligence systems and the diminishing influence of state sovereignty in this area. The intrusion and manipulation of an individual's right to confidentiality and exclusive control over their information are more extensive than anticipated. Hence, it is imperative to thoroughly investigate how artificial intelligence and its applications infringe upon these rights. The assumption that current legislation, particularly in terms of criminal protection, provides adequate safeguards is increasingly questionable for several reasons: -International legislation, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, tends to treat the protection of personal data as a cursory reference, characterized by general rules and provisions that lack binding legal force or mandatory obligations, and thus fail to offer the requisite protection. -A review of the current legislative system underscores a trend towards harmonizing laws to enhance effectiveness and applicability. This is particularly evident in regional initiatives within Europe, such as the European Directive, which is explicitly designed to adapt to technological progress and provide suitable protection for personal data in a collective and unified manner.

To guarantee the honesty of the elections, guarantees have been set, mainly the international control, which is supported nowadays, unlike the past where it had been refused by most of the states, as they believed it would violate their sovereignty. This study aims at defining the international control on the elections and showing its regulations.

The investment law in Algeria has undergone a significant transformation in its relationship with foreign investments. Initially, the system relied on strict oversight of investments to protect the country's economic sovereignty; however, over time, the policy shifted towards a more flexible system to meet global and local economic challenges. This shift has helped attract foreign investments, particularly in new sectors such as manufacturing and renewable energy, contributing to economic diversification and reducing dependence on oil. Recent reforms in investment laws aim to improve the business environment in Algeria by streamlining procedures and providing incentives for investors. Algeria also seeks to enhance its position as a global investment destination while maintaining its economic stability in the face of ongoing challenges. These reforms are a fundamental step towards achieving sustainable economic development and creating job opportunities for citizens. In this context, the study recommended several steps to improve the investment environment, including simplifying administrative procedures, enhancing education and training to prepare national workforce, supporting innovation and technology, and achieving a balance between protecting economic sovereignty and openness to global investments. It also emphasized the importance of strengthening regional and international cooperation to support the national economy and achieve long-term stability.

تناولت هذه الدراسة اتفاقية الأمم المتحدة لمكافحة الفساد ۲۰۰۳ م كآلية من الآليات الدولية لمكافحة الفساد على اعتبار أن الفساد كظاهرة تمثل تهديدا خطيرا للمجتمعات المعاصرة. وما يسببه الفساد من آثار اقتصادية واجتماعية وسياسية، والتي يقتضي مواجهتها تكاتف الجهود الوطنية والدولية، وتعتبر اتفاقية الأمم المتحدة لمكافحة الفساد ثمرة هذه الجهود. وتقوم هذه الدراسة على أهم الآليات الدولية التي تضمنتها اتفاقية الأمم المتحدة لمكافحة الفساد، والتي تسعي من خلالها هذه الاتفاقية إلى تعزيز التعاون بين الدول من أجل مكافحة الفساد على المستوى العالمي.