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"الطب الشعبي"
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Reliability and validity assessment of mizaj questionnaire : a novel self-report scale in Iranian traditional medicine
Background: In Iranian Traditional Medicine, mizaj (temperament) plays a key role in preventive, therapeutic and lifestyle recommendations. A reliable self-reported scale for mizaj identification is critically needed to introduce ITM into the official medical and health care system especially in the case of designing national preventive protocols.
Objectives: The present study aimed to design a preliminary self-administered mizaj questionnaire and assessed its reliability and validity in Iran.
Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire with 52 items was designed based on mizaj-related indices. Subsequent to content and face validity assessment, using qualitative and quantitative method, 47 items remained. Based on the non-randomly sampling, the test-retest reliability of each question and internal consistency of the questionnaire was examined by the participation of 35 volunteers. The reliable version questionnaire was filled up by 52 volunteers wherein they were divided into warm/cold and wet/dry groups based on their mizaj which was predetermined by a team of expert practitioners. Logistic regression analysis was performed for validity process between the experts’ assessment of mizaj and each of the items in the questionnaire that resulted to the final ten-item questionnaire divided into two subscales. By using ANOVA and post Hoc with Dunnet statistics, the optimum cut-off points were defined and their sensitivity and specificity was assessed.
Results: The weighted kappa coefficients of the 39 items were between 0.40 and 0.82 showing their acceptable reliability and the Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.71 showing the internal consistency. The sensitivity and specificity of the final questionnaire cut-off points were 65% and 93% for the warm group, 52% and 97% cold group, 53% and 67% dry group and finally 53% and 76% wet group.
Conclusions: Our results suggested that many of the designed questions according to the literature’s mizaj identification indices had satisfactory reliability and the final ten-item questionnaire could discriminate the different groups of mizaj, therefore, this can be used as the first version of a brief self-report mizaj estimating scale.
Journal Article
The most common herbs to cure the most common oral disease : stomatitis recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU)
Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is an oral disease and the most common oral lesion, with 2% to 66% of the world’s population infected annually. Its prevalence is about 25% in Tehran and 27.6% in Mashhad. The etiology of RAU is multifactorial. Aphthous risk factors include: immunological factors, psychological factors, stress, trauma, sensitivity, family history, blood disorders, malnutrition, and use of certain medications, It should be noted that the best treatment for RAU is the topical application of drugs. The use of topical treatments is recommended not only because the drug can directly impact the source of the disease, but also systemic side effects of the drug are reduced. Treatment of RAU has been considered in Iranian traditional medicine (ITM), and is covered in therapeutic books. The use of herbs in RAU has a centuries-old history; accordingly, extensive research should be conducted for this treatment of the disease.
Evidence Acquisition: Iranian medical sources were reviewed and effective plants used in the traditional treatment of RAU were found and compared with new findings. Finally, we have created a table listing the plants that are part of the therapeutic protocol for RAU.
Results: Based on this article we can explain some of traditional pharmacological effects of plants and how these plants can be a source for a cure.
Conclusions: The plants listed can be used as a prediction of RAU management. Of course, there are is no evidence for curing RAU by some of these plants in allopathic medicine, and the further investigations in this area could lead to the discovery of a new drug
Journal Article
نقد الطب البديل : المغالطة المنطقية في الصحة
يهدف الكاتب إلى تسليط الضوء على المغالطات المنطقية التي يتم استخدامها لترويج ممارسات الطب البديل والتقنيات التي تفتقر إلى الأدلة العلمية الكافية لدعم فعاليتها. ويناقش كيف أن التسويق والدعاية يلعبان دورا كبيرا في انتشار ممارسات الطب البديل، مستغلين قلة وعي الجمهور بالأبحاث العلمية. ويقدم أمثلة واضحة على الفرق بين العلاجات التي تعتمد على الأدلة العلمية والعلاجات التي تستند إلى تجارب شخصية أو تقاليد قديمة. يتناول الآثار السلبية للاعتماد على الطب البديل، سواء على مستوى الأفراد أو المجتمع، بما في ذلك تعطيل العلاجات الفعالة وتأخير التشخيص.
Book
An evidence-based review on medicinal plants used as insecticide and insect repellent in traditional Iranian medicine
Context: Insects can be the cause of major ecological problems; they can transmit microbes and parasites that affect humans, and
damage food crops, trees, and homes. The total economic cost of insect-related damage and disease is immeasurable. In traditional Iranian
medicine (TIM), several medicinal plants have been identified as insecticides or insect repellents, but many of them are still unknown.
Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the insecticidal or insect repellent activity of certain medicinal plants described in TIM.
Evidence Acquisition: Information about medicinal plants proposed as insecticides and insect repellents in the TIM was collected from
the TIM literature, and searched in modern medical databases to find studies that confirmed their efficacy.
Results: Modern investigations have supported the claims of the insecticidal activity of several plants, including Allium sativum, Artemisia
absinthium, Citrullus colocynthis, Laurus nobilis, Mentha pulegium, Myrtus communis, Nerium oleander, Ocimum basilicum, and Origanum
majorana. However, in the cases of plants like Iris florentina and Malva sylvestris, there is not enough evidence in modern medicine to prove
their effectiveness with regard to their insecticidal and insect repellent activities.
Conclusions: This study confirmed the Iranian traditional medicine claims of the insecticidal and insect repellent activity of certain
plants. Further pharmacological and clinical studies are recommended to evaluate the overall efficacy and possible mechanisms
underlying these herbs
Journal Article