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"الظلم"
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The Transformative Value of Antigone on the Arab Stage
In contexts marked by human rights abuses, state violence, and gender-based injustices, theatrical performances in the Arab world offer a vital platform for marginalized voices. By exploring the transformative power of modern adaptations of Sophocles' Antigone, particularly in this unique context, this study reveals how these performances serve as poignant reflections of resistance, justice, and societal transformation. Antigone is renowned for its exploration of political themes and moral dilemmas and continues to resonate across cultures and epochs. Through an adaptation theory lens, this study examines various Arab adaptations of Antigone, demonstrating the global reach and influence of this classic work. Drawing on Linda Hutcheon's theory of adaptation and Julia Kristeva's concept of intertextuality, the paper delves into how these adaptations dialogue with the source material while incorporating new elements and cultural nuances. Hutcheon emphasizes the importance of viewing adaptations as creative reimagining rather than mere reproductions. This study demonstrates how adaptations of Antigone in the Arab world transcend being mere theatrical performances, serving as platforms for social commentary, cultural reflection, and collective memory. Through their creative reappropriation of Sophocles' classic, these adaptations illuminate the enduring relevance of Antigone's timeless themes and their resonance with contemporary struggles for justice and human rights.
Journal Article
Interrogating Gender Injustices in Selected Nigerian Fictions
This Paper explores gender dichotomies in fiction and real life through gender politics, patriarchy, and irony, focusing on Abi Dare's The Girl with the Louding Voice (2020) and Chimamanda Adichie's Dear Ijeawele, Or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions (2017). The study examines how male hegemony perpetuates cultural discrimination against women in the above named texts, using qualitative content analysis. Findings indicate that women are crucial to the family and society, and their empowerment through education is essential for personal autonomy, free from adult interference. The study highlights that patriarchy enforces social injustices against women through forced marriage and childbearing. Both authors call for institutional integrity to support women's rights and promote a healthy society. Additionally, the study reveals that some influential women contribute to the oppression of other women, causing unnecessary sufferings. It concludes with recommendations for addressing these issues: female children should not be coerced into marriage without economic empowerment; Nigerian culture should eliminate gender-based inequalities; and effective mentorship should be provided to guide and liberate young women from exploitation and servitude.
Journal Article
Ecodrama and Social Injustice in August Wilson's \Two Trains Running\
August Wilson's Two Trains Running (1992) is the 7th play in a series of ten plays, called Pittsburgh Cycle. The play deals with city authorities' urban renewal plans and its influence on the lives of the customers of a diner in the Hill District which is inhabited by black and white people. The aim of this paper is to analyze representations of ecodrama in Wilson's Two Trains Running. By doing this, the analysis is not restricted to tracing injustice enforced upon the environment, but it extends to include prejudice exercised against African Americans. Although man controls the nature, he is influenced by the injustice imposed upon the outer environment. It means that he is involved in a direct relationship with it, and he suffers from the same type of prejudice enforced on his surroundings. Accordingly, the transformations that are enforced upon characters' lives are a result of oppressive practices against nature. Consequently, ecodrama concentrates on ecological issues as well as other issues related to gender, poverty, inequality, social status and racism. In ecodrama, the playwright moves from universal concerns to personal experiences. Therefore, ecological concerns could be merged with the characters' past oppressive experiences, memories, failures, successes, emotional crises and future plans. The paper has reached the following findings. 1) As long as justice is implemented via defective laws, justified oppression is the ultimate byproduct. This leads to the hypothesis that justice is proportional. This suggestion could lead to complete denial of the existence of such value, or simply question its existence in interracial relationships and among individuals of the same race. 2) Oppression is exercised on people as well as the environment. Accordingly, justice is not only essential in human beings relationship with each other, it is also important in their relationship with the environment.
Journal Article
Panopticism and the Deconstruction of the Institutionalized Discourse of Racialized Beauty in Toni Morrison's the Bluest Eye
The impact of the notion of beauty on individuals is at the heart of The Bluest Eye. The characters' admittance of their ugliness is a potentially fatal form of self-loathing and a means of confirming the normative beauty standards that the Whites have established against them and that result in the protagonist's development of a scapegoat identity. Pecola's yearning for blue eyes reveals her self-loathing as she condones the normative racialized representations of beauty. Her final descent into madness is the result of the White supremacist myth of beauty. Thus, this paper is mainly concerned with Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye as a counter-discursive strategy to dismantle the already institutionalized racialized standards of beauty. This research is qualitatively carried out on Michel Foucault's disciplinary concept of the panopticon to show how America built a massive panoptic system around the Hollywood industry. It further draws upon Morrison's (1971) \"What the Black Woman Thinks About Women's Lib\" to reveal how she succeeds in revolutionizing the notion of beauty by building consensual empathy towards a little black girl who goes insane because of this panoptic mechanism.
Journal Article
Theme of Social Injustice in Three Different Cultures of the 19th and the 20th Centuries
This study explores the theme of social injustice across three distinct cultural and literary contexts spanning the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, offering a comparative reading that bridges European and Arab traditions. The research argues that social injustice transcends economics to function as a cultural structure rooted in collective consciousness, represented in literature through tensions between wealth and poverty, power and subjugation, and gender hierarchies. It examines three major novels-Victor Hugo's Les Misérables, Charles Dickens's Great Expectations, and Abdel Rahman Al-Sharqawi's Al-Ard (The Land)-as narrative expressions of humanity's struggle against oppression. The analysis highlights suffering as the ethical catalyst for justice, showing how personal anguish evolves into social awareness and moral resistance. Through symbolic frameworks-the city as a site of oppression, prison as an image of class entrapment, and poverty as destiny-the study illustrates how each author exposes the hidden mechanisms of inequality. Hugo's spiritual vision of moral redemption, Dickens's empathetic portrayal of the working class, and Al-Sharqawi's depiction of the Egyptian peasant's defiance all converge to affirm literature as a moral voice for the voiceless. Ultimately, the study concludes that cultural difference does not negate the shared human experience of injustice and that literature, by articulating this pain, becomes a form of liberation that restores symbolic justice where real justice fails. Abstract Written by Dar AlMandumh, 2025, Using AI.
Journal Article
Purity in a Malevolent Harvest
In a continuous search for perfection, it is possible that one-day human body organs will be harvested. This is the premise of the dystopian novel Never Let Me Go by the Japanese-born British author and Nobel winner Kazuo Ishiguro. The novel provides a possible fate of the human race in the event that we keep chasing longevity. It depicts an English school in the 1990s in which children. Are farmed for their organs. Such children are conceived only for scientific purposes and they are not told that they are clones or that the only purpose for their existence is to donate their organs after becoming, young adults. Applying Margaret Atwood's term 'utopia' a term coined through merging the two terms 'utopia' and 'dystopia' that highlights features these terms have in common, to Ishiguro's novel, this paper aims to shed light on the elements of utopia within Ishiguro's dystopianism. I claim that Never Let Me Go, besides serving as a warning, provides hope through questioning the concept of absolute evil and focusing on the idea that there has to be some degree of goodness even in apparently evil situations.
Journal Article
تداعيات الظلم العباسي على التحرك العلوي
عنوان المقالة «تداعيات الظلم العباسي على التحرك العلوي» هذا العنوان يعبر عن موقف العباسيين تجاه العلويين، ولاسيما أهل بيت العصمة والطهارة (عليهم السلام) يقوده في ذلك الحقد الدفين والحسد المقيت لما نالته العترة الطاهرة (عليهم السلام) من مكانة إلهية ومنزلة ربانية، ولذلك أفرز عداوة وقتلا وانتهاكا، ضمن مخطط فيه الكثير من المكر والدهاء وعدم خشية من الله تعالى، على الرغم من أن نجاح حركتهم وقيام دولتهم كان مرتكزا وبشكل أساسي على ربطها بأهل البيت (عليهم السلام). الدافع لاختيار هذا الموضوع: هو الكشف عن عمق الإجراءات الفكرية والاجتماعية والسياسية، وتحليلها على أساس المعايير الإلهية. والمشكلة في هذا البحث تتمثل في سعة الموضوع ودقته وحساسيته. - إن أهمية الموضوع تركزت في بيان حقيقة العداء العباسي لأهل البيت (عليهم السلام). - وأهم أهداف البحث هو بيان حجم جريمة المواجهة تجاه العلويين، وخلفيات ذلك التوجه. - إن أبرز فرضيات البحث كانت في بيان الحقد الدفين والدوافع الذاتية والسلطوية التي نسجت خيوط المواجهة. - واقع ومجتمع البحث هو الدولة العباسية، ومواجهتها لأهل البيت (عليهم السلام). اعتمدنا على جملة كبيرة من المصادر، فضلا عن البحث والسؤال من أساتذة التاريخ في الحوزة العلمية، واستفدنا من الدراسات السابقة لهذا الموضوع. وأهم النتائج هي توسعة الدراسات التي تعني بالحياة الفكرية والسياسية لأهل البيت (عليهم السلام). أوصي بدراسة التاريخ دراسة معمقة لاسيما علاقة الحكام الإسلاميين مع أهل بيت العصمة والطهارة (عليهم السلام).
Journal Article