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There is great interest for NPs manufacturing by environmentally friendly and economic manner. The aqueous leaves extract of Thuja orientalis was used to synthesized silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) by using two green methods, the first one is the magnetic stirrer method and the second method by using the cold plasma. The XRD pattern for both samples annealed at Ta=600˚C for 1h, while they showed the characteristic of Bragg peaks for poly phases at (001), (010), (10-1), (1-10), (0-12) and (002) for SiO2 triclinic (anorthic). The average crystalline size was calculated by using Scherer’s formula, which was 11.1868 nm in magnetic stirrer method, while the cold plasma method showed amorphous structure. The morphology analysis using atomic force microscopy showed that the grain size was 33.94 and 18.37 nm for magnetic stirrer and cold plasma methods respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicates hydrophilic functional groups in the capping matrix, which can improve the stability of silica NPs. The biofilm inhibition of silica NPs were investigated for two genus of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the green silica NPs that synthesized by using cold plasma method showed the highest inhibition effect on S. aureus and E. coli respectively.

To evaluate the impact of two medicinal plants Quercus infectoria and Astragalus eriocephalus on digestibility, milk yield, its compositions and economic efficiency, twenty eight lactating Awassi ewes at their mid-lactation were selected based on their pre-treatment milk yield, were divided into four groups and fed ration containing 1% Gall oak, 2% Astragalus, 0.5% Gall oak with 1% Astragalus, and Control. Twelve ewe lambs were used to study the effect of rations on the digestibility. Herbal active compounds were obtained by GC-MS analysis. Results revealed that fifty-six and twenty-four compounds identified in Astragalus eriocephalus and Quercus infectoria samples, with the major compound being P-Cymene and Carvacrol, respectively. Ewes fed Astragalus diets showed significantly (P<0.05) higher digestibility dry and organic matter. Daily and 0.4 FCM milk yield in treated groups were significantly (P<0.05) higher than control. Milk composition were significantly (P<0.05) affected by diet treatment. Economic and relative efficiency were better in treated groups than the control. It can be concluded that supplementing herbal plants to the lactating ewes' diet improve their digestibility, milk yield and economic efficiency.