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The constitutional court in Tunisia was one of the most important post revolution gains acquired, it was institionalized in the 2014 Tunisian constitution, however it has been disrupted every time, the first time because of the divergences between parliamentary blocs in the assembly of the people's representatives, the second time because of the president of the republic Kais Saeed who went further when he amended the constitution in 2022 and the whole constitutional architecture under the persistent absence of the constitutional judge, which is considered to some a threat to the constitutional legitimacy and a dragging of the country into authoritarianism.

The study aimed to shed light on human trafficking crime and analyse the legal aspects of this crime under the new Algerian law 23 - 04 issued on May 7th, 2023 on preventing and fighting human trafficking. The study also aimed to explore the most relevant penal policies and national and international legal mechanisms to reduce human trafficking. The study used the descriptive analytical methodology. A review of literature was administered. The study came to the conclusion that in spite that the Algerian law has paid a great attention to the crime of human trafficking, it ought to give more emphasis on the executive mechanism in order that the legal and administrative measures specified for fighting human trafficking bear fruit. The study made the recommendation that the national and international efforts should stand shoulder in shoulder in confrontation of this crime.

Purpose: Breaking with former President Mubarak's inward-looking approach, this paper examines how al-Sisi has differently formulated Egypt's child labor policy in compliance with the UN SDGs goals and objectives. Method: Relying on a qualitative research method based on the analysis of Egyptian officials' speeches, statements, practices, and laws, this study borrows policy framing as an explanatory framework of the shift in Egypt's labor policy. Originality: While the literature addressing child labor in Egypt has predominantly focused on the reasons behind child labor, its repercussions on children's wellbeing, and the government's efforts in curbing its proliferation, this study examines the shift in the government's framing of the cause and its impact on curbing the phenomenon from proliferation. Findings: This paper argues that Egypt has changed its approach toward child labor policies under the rule of President Abdel-Fattah al- Sisi by adopting a global framing toward child labor as an issue of national development.

The digital world is characterized by a vast array of data, documents, and legal materials, which are safeguarded and preserved through modern applications and technologies. Artificial intelligence plays a crucial role in this process, featuring numerous intelligent applications that facilitate operations within the legal field, particularly in legal professions and judicial systems. This has led to a fundamental transformation, marked by the emergence of digital justice, remote litigation, and the adoption of electronic trials, all of which contribute to the efficient and swift execution of judicial tasks.

Cyberspace invites the jurist in the countries of the Romano-Germanic family to rethink the theory of the sources of law. The theory of formal sources which derives the validity of a norm from its official mode of formation appears to be completely out of step with the actual modes regulation of the Internet, among which standards coming from atypical sources (private self-regulation, co-regulation, soft law processes) occupy a determining place. . This study situates the reality and importance of the regulatory activity of cyberspace actors by evaluating its impact on the effectiveness of formal state standards. The text attempts to demonstrate how the product of the self-regulatory activity of cyberspace, embodied by informal norms, could constitute the normative complement of formal norms. Only a renewed, even Americanized, approach to source theory makes it possible to account for the phenomenon of normative production in the field of cyberspace.

تتناول هذه الدراسة، موضوع التجارة الإلكترونية، باعتباره نمطا حديثا للمعاملات التجارية ونمطا من أنماط اقتصاد المعرفة أفرزته التطورات التكنولوجية الحديثة، مما استلزم ضرورة الوقوف على مدى انسجام وتناسق النصوص القانونية الناظمة للتجارة الإلكترونية مع حركة العولمة المعلوماتية التي يشهدها العالم المعاصر، وهذا عن طريق تبسيط المفاهيم الرئيسية التي تحكم نشاط التجارة الإلكترونية وتطورها من الشركات إلى الحكومات مرورا بالمستهلك الإلكتروني. وتوصلت إلى أن المشرع الجزائري سعى إلى توفير عديد الأدوات التشريعية الكفيلة بتفعيل نشاط التجارة الإلكترونية عبر تحيين النصوص التشريعية واستحداث القوانين لضمان عملية التداول الإلكتروني بسلاسة، حيث اعترف بالإثبات الإلكتروني، وشجع استخدام أدواته، كما وضع ضمانات كالإشهار الإلكتروني واعتمد وسائل الدفع الرقمية.