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"الكلام"
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علم الكلام بين الأمس واليوم
يعد هذا العمل الذي يقدمه مركز الدراسات الإسلامية بالقيروان للباحثين والمهتمين بالفكر الاسلامي في علافته بالفلسفة والمنطق والجدل عملا دقيقا تم فيه مراعاة مختلف الروافد الفكرية التي نهل منها علم الكلام خصوصا الفلسفة. كما اهتم الباحثون من خلال بعض الورقات بعلم الكلام الجديد الذي أصبح يشكل حقلا للبحث العلمي الإسلامي المعاصر من خلال عديد المراجعات التي تطرح في هذا المجال خصوصا ما يرتبط بفلسلفة الدين.
Book
The Gender of the Apologiser as a Social Factor in the Selection of Apology Strategies
Politeness\" is a culturally defined pattern of language use that enables the speaker to formulate appropriate speech acts like an apology. The speech act of apology is a part of pragmatics study and belongs to expressive speech acts. However, it cannot be separated from sociolinguistics because social factors such as social context, gender, and the participants' relationship can all have an impact on how apologizers make their apologies. The selection of the appropriate formulas of apology strategies to pay off violations of social norms is considered a hard task since it is based on some cultural and social norms. Thus, the present study aims to study the apology strategies used by Iraqi male/female postgraduate students at the University of Anbar, in addition to investigating the effect of gender on the use of polite apology strategies. An oral Discourse Completion Task was used as a data collection instrument, supported by a semi-structured interview. The data has been analysed using the descriptive analysis method, based on Leech's (2014) classification of apology. The findings revealed that \"expressing regret\" was the most frequently used apology strategy. Furthermore, both genders used different indirect strategies to support their apologies. Both genders used a new supporting move, which is \"admitting responsibility for in-group member's fault.\" In conclusion, the gender of the participants has a slight effect on the choice of polite apology strategies. Moreover, social status and age were the most effective social factors as compared to the others.
Journal Article
A Pragmatic Study of Persuasive Analogies in English Ads
Analogy is a figure of speech used in different fields including advertising. Metaphor and simile are the figurative devices used for creating analogy. Unlike metaphor and simile, analogy has not received enough attention from researchers. There are limited number of studies on analogy as an independent literary phenomenon and is rarely studied as a persuasive tool used in advertising. Accordingly, the main aim of this study is to highlight successful applications of analogy in advertisements to demonstrate its persuasive effect in directing the audience to purchase the products being advertised. Also, it is aimed at revealing the pragmatic strategies and persuasive appeals contribute in making persuasive analogy. The main findings of the study have been: 1) analogy is an effective figure of speech which plays a significant role in the field of advertising to raise the audience's interest and respectively raise the essence of persuasion; 2) the use of images (visual metaphor) are noticeably greater than verbal figurative devices; 3) with regard to the speech acts, directive and representative have been used most frequently; 4) the advertisers relied mainly upon metaphor in creating advertisements, while little use of similes have been made; and 5) pathos has been the main appeal the advertisers employed for the purpose of persuasion.
Journal Article
The Effect of Service Recovery Experience on Patients' Switching Intentions and Positive Word of Mouth in Private Hospitals in Kuwait
Objectives: Touchpoints of the service recovery experience in private hospitals in Kuwait were identified and validated. Then, a research model was developed to study the effect of service recovery experience on patient's switching intentions and positive word of mouth with patient commitment as a mediator. Method: Service recovery touchpoints of patient experience were identified by focus group and a sample of private hospital patients in Kuwait was recruited using a snowballing sampling procedure with an online-survey platform. The proposed research model was validated via two-stage structural equation modeling in AMOS 27 statistical software. Path analysis examined the mediating effects of patient commitment in the examined relationships. A sample of 171 patients in private hospitals in Kuwait was recruited for the exploratory factor analysis [EFA] and a separate sample of 976 patients was recruited for the confirmatory factor analysis [CFA]. Results: The findings confirmed a significant direct effect of service recovery experience on patients' positive word of mouth and a significant indirect effect through patient commitment as a mediator. On contrary, service recovery experience was related to patients' switching intentions only through the indirect link of patient commitment, which provided support for the full mediation model. Conclusion: Private hospitals should pay much attention to service recovery experience and allocate resources across critical touchpoints to enhance patient relationship.
Journal Article
The Study of Sarcasm in Political Discourse
Sarcasm is a complicated linguistic phenomenon especially in written language because changing the tone of speech makes sarcasm more apparent. Sarcasm often refers to a specific, recognizable individual and it implies criticism. Incongruity is the main characteristic that sarcastic speech contains in addition to opposition and negativity. Everyday interaction usually includes sarcasm, which affects the nature of nearly every exchange. As a result, sarcasm offers a chance for in-depth linguistic research. In this study, the researcher sets the following aims: showing which types of speech acts are used more than other types in the political contexts; shedding a light on the social functions that sarcasm serves in the political texts; and knowing the linguistic mechanisms which are employed in the political texts to reflect sarcasm. Accordingly, some hypotheses are put which are as follows: expressives are used more than other types of speech acts in the political texts; social control is the main function that sarcasm serves in the political texts; and metaphor is used frequently in political texts as a mechanism to reflect sarcasm. The researcher adopts an eclectic model which consists of three theories: Searle and Vanderveken's Speech Acts Theory (1985); Ducharme's Functions of Sarcasm (1994); and Tabacaru's Linguistic Mechanisms of Sarcasm. The analysis of the chosen political texts shows the following conclusions: assertive speech acts are used more than other types of speech acts; humorous aggression is a very common function of sarcasm in the employed political texts; and the most utilized linguistic mechanism to express sarcasm is metaphor.
Journal Article
The Interpersonal Function of Intonation in the Declarative Statements of the Spontaneous Speech of the Thamari Dialect of Yemeni Arabic
The main aim of this paper is to investigate the function of tones in construing neutral declarative statements, elicited in neutral contexts in the Thamari Dialect of Yemeni Arabic (DDYA), and then to contrast it with the intonational patterns of declarative statements construing surprise, and reservation, elicited in different contexts. This study examines these intonational patterns in the spontaneous speech within the Systemic Functional Linguistics framework (SFL). The system of tones is acoustically analyzed in this study by means of the PRAAT software program. Our main concern in this intonation system is to answer the question whether variant contexts trigger variant intonational patterns in the declarative Mood aspect of DDYA. The main criteria adopted to identify the marked and unmarked intonation pattern is the frequency of occurrence ratio. The intonational contour patterns are analyzed acoustically by eliciting the F0 contour on PRAAT. The data then is analyzed at different levels i.e. the phonological realizations of the intonation patterns, and the meanings and the speech functions they construe in the semantic level. Finally, in the statistical analysis, the data is grouped into two categories: congruent and incongruent patterns. The data showcases that two intonational approaches have been used by DDYA speakers to convey attitudinal expressions. While a Mid- Fall pattern is used to express facts of neutral mode, a Rise-Fall and a Fall-Rise patterns are used to convey surprise and reservation keys respectively.
Journal Article