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מחקר זה בוחן את השימוש באות 'ש' התחילית והסופית בעיראקית ובעברית המדוברת תוך התמקדות במאפייניה הפונולוגיים והסמנטיים בשתי השפות. האות 'ש' מתאפיינת בצליל ייחודי הבולט בנוכחותו ומשמשת תפקיד משמעותי בהבעה של משמעויות מגוונות. מטרת המחקר היא לנתח את הפונקציות המורפולוגיות התחביריות הסמנטיות והפרגמטיות של אות זו בהקשרים לשוניים שונים. המחקר הראה כי השימוש באות 'ש' הן כתחילית והן כסופית נובע מהשפעות לשוניות שאולות. על אף קיומן של שורשים שמיים בעיראקית המדוברת ושורשים היסטוריים בעברית המדוברת. שימוש זה נתפס כתוצאה של תהליכי קיצור והתפתחויות לשוניות ייחודיות.

There is very little research in the field of Arabic language acquisition This study explores the development in the acquisition of the trill/r/ in Iraqi Arabic (IA). It attempts to answer four main questions; (1) What percentage in the total sample produced/r/ correctly? (2) Is this the age of customary, acquisition, or mastery for IA children? (3) Does the production accuracy of/r/ vary by position in the syllable and child sex? (4) How is the acquisition of/r/ developed within this age group? Samples were collected from 20 normally developing children between the ages of 1:8 and 3:7. The results showed noticeable sex differences in the acquisition of/r/. Besides, /r/ was produced more accurately in syllable-initial than syllable-final position. Statistics reflected a cross-dialectal variation among Arabic dialects, where Iraqi children acquired/r/ at different age it is acquired in other Arabic dialects, such as Jordanian Arabic. However, results of this paper go in support of previously suggested universal sound acquisition as/r/ was acquired in IA at about the same age it is acquired in English. The acquisition of/r/ was accompanied by gliding and deletion.

This study is an attempt to identify the English loanwords in Iraqi Arabic. English is an international language, and due to the political, economic, technological, and media supremacy of the UK and the US during the 20th and the 21st centuries, English has a distinctive role in many languages, including the Iraqi Arabic, especially after the American invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the internet revolution. Thus, the study aims to identify and collect academically sufficient numbers of these borrowed linguistic items to approach their borrowing from a sociolinguistic and semantic point of view. The collected data is classified based on their relation to certain groups and communities of Iraqi Arabic natives. Furthermore, the study provides explanations of the words' meanings after assimilation, which aids the study of the semantic transformations during the adaptation of the English loanwords' into Iraqi Arabic.

In this study, a dialect of Iraqi that is spoken in the western Iraqi town of Kubeisa is examined. With regard to Standard English and Modern Standard Arabic, it does an auditory analysis for phonemes in isolation which include consonants and vowels. It has not previously been given significant attention by scholars despite having a range of phonological features compared to other dialects spoken in western Iraq in particular and Iraq in general. This may be because Kubeisa is a small town located outside of metropolitan areas and is still considered a \"virgin territory \", necessitating analysis and research into the dialect used by its residents in relation to SE and MSA. The auditory analysis of the segmental phonemes of KIA with reference to SE and MSA was the focus of the current study's explanatory qualitative design, which involved gathering and analyzing qualitative data. The analysis of taped content,comprising sentences and words said by KIA speakers using tape-recording equipment, is the focus of the current work. According to Peter Roach's idea of the segmental phonemes, which is a branch of segmental phonology, speech is broken down into phonemes (or segmental phonemes), which generally correspond to the phonetic components of the examined speech. In order to determine how this dialect differs from Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and how it differs from the utterances chosen for examination, MSA was also consulted in this research. For this empirical study, the spontaneous speech of people who speak KIA was recorded in a natural setting. Relevant conclusions were reached based on the data analysis and findings. There are specific characteristics that set KIA apart from SE. This thesis found that speakers of KIA use CCs in middle positions of words more often than in initial or ending positions, that MSA and KIA speakers use less vowel sounds than speakers of SE.

This paper presents a new set of data concerning the behavior of wh-operators in Iraqi Arabic (IA). It argues that Logical Form (LF) movement (Huang, 1982) in IA must observe a Locality Constraint (Rizzi,1990, Chomsky,1995, Richard,1997) according to which the wh-operator must move to the closest Spec position of a [+wh] Complementizer (Comp). Wh-operators in IA may occur in the Spec of the matrix Comp as in English or in-situ as in Chinese (Huang, 1994:149). However, unlike Chinese and English, IA wh-operators may also occur in any Spec of an intermediate Comp between the matrix Comp and the in-situ position. The wh-operator exercises wide scope over the entire question whether it occurs in-situ, in the Spec of the intermediate Comp or in the matrix Comp (Wahba, 1986, 1991). This paper argues that this economy condition can elegantly be captured by Chomsky's Principles and Parameters (Chomsky, 1986) and the Minimalist Program (Chomsky, 1995). This paper is organized as follows: section (1) introduces the main diagnostics of wh-questions in IA. Section (2) investigates the behavior of wh-operators in mono-clausal questions. Section (3) analyzes the behavior of Bi- Clausal Questions with [+wh] and [-wh) Embedded Comp IA. Section (4) concludes

This paper is concerned with a generic feature geometry based model for phonological disorder description of hypernasality routed in the voice profiles of an Iraqi child (aged 7 years) with a cleft palate. It primarily explores the applicability of this model to the resonance hypernasalization deficit elicited in this single-case study. The preliminary findings of the treatise reveal that the subject under study has a limited linguistic competence, due to the dysfunction of the velopharyngeal valve, caused by the cleft palatology, which negatively militates his communicative skills. The most common resonance distortions resulted from this dysfunction are glottalization (25.95%), consonantal hypernasality(23.40%),vocalic hypernasality (21.019%), pharyngealisation (8.75%), labialization (7.48%), lateralization (7%), elision (4.93%), initial cluster simplification (1.11%), metathesis and vocalic shortening (0.15%), equally. Corpus analysis via manner association scheme (within the framework of Autosegmental Phonology) divulges that this model is significantly applicable to hypernasalized vowels. However, this autosegmental model fails to capture the manner co-attachment association in certain cases of vocalic and consonantal hypernasality pointing in the direction of harmonic nasality.

The current study presents a socio-pragmatic analysis to the strategies manipulated by Iraqi dialect speakers for expressing the speech act of offer in interactional situations. The present study hypothesizes that (1) The manipulation of Iraqi dialect speakers to the direct offer strategies is better than the indirect ones, (2)Most of Iraqi dialect speakers tend to perform direct offer imperatively, and (3) Most of Iraqi dialect speakers utilize questions for showing indirect offer in interactional situations .The study basically aims at (1) analyzing the speech act of offer theoretically within the theories of Speech Act and Politeness, and (2) investigating the most common strategies performed by Iraqi dialect speakers in discoursal activities. To achieve the aims of the study and verify or refute its hypotheses, a sample of 20 Iraqi dialect speakers, chosen randomly from Diwaniya province, is involved to issue acts of offer (using their Iraqi colloquial dialects) to five interactional situations written in Arabic.

Iraqi Arabic includes the use of various types of polite terms and utterances. An important type of polite utterances is greeting. Greetings are essential parts of everyday interaction. They are produced on various intonational patterns. The speech of 48 Iraqi Arabic speakers is recorded to examine the intonational patterns of greetings. The participants are divided into three groups: educated, partly educated and uneducated participants. Each group includes eight men and eight women. The intonational system of Halliday and Greaves (2008) is adopted to describe the intonational patterns used. The study concludes that greetings in Iraqi Arabic are formal or informal depending on the relationship between the speaker and addressee in addition to the context of the situation. In respect to intonation, men use falling tones more than women do on formal and informal greetings. The examination of the intonation of Iraqi Arabic requires a modification of Halliday and Greaves\" system of intonation (2008) by adding new symbols to account for the intonational patterns observed.

The effect of advertisement is strong and present in our everyday lives. It is a tool to communicate information and persuade the receiver about products, services or ideas. Whereas it has several components, language is one of its most efficient components. Advertising language has attracted the attention of scholars who have investigated it linguistically and stylistically in different languages. Taking into account the lack of advertisement studies in Arabic (especially in Iraqi dialect), the concern of this paper is to scrutinize Iraqi advertisement texts from linguistic point of view. It aims at examining the stylistic features of these ads that make them creatively catchy and memorable. The study hypothesizes that poetic use of language plays a major role in writing an appealing advertisement, regardless of the text length. The data for the analysis consists of commercial and non-commercial advertisements which were collected from social media, particularly on Facebook pages.