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"اللهجة الكويتية"
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ألفاظ اللهجة الكويتية في كتاب لسان العرب لابن منظور /
يواصل المؤلف في كتابه هذا رحلته في تجلية وجه الحقيقة وإبراز المعالم الحضارية للكويت، فقد سبق له أن أصدر ثلاث كتب حملت أسماء كاظمة، أوارة، العدان اهتم فيها بالمواضع التاريخية المنتشرة في ربوع دولة الكويت، وكشف اللثام فيها عن أصول تاريخ الوجود الكويتي في هذه المنطقة من الجزيرة العربية. وفي هذا الكتاب ينحو المؤلف منحى آخر لا يقل أهمية عن سابقيه، إذ يتحدث عن اللهجة الكويتية مبينا أصالتها وانتسابها القوي إلى العربية الفصحى، فيعود بألفاظ هذه اللهجة إلى أصولها ملتمسا إياها في أحد أهم المصادر العربية وهو لسان العرب لابن منظور، حيث أكد بالدليل القاطع عودة الكثير من ألفاظ هذه اللهجة إلى الأصول العربية السليمة الواردة في موسوعة لسان العرب. ووقف مدافعا عن أصالة الكويت وتميزها بخصائص وسمات عربية متفردة أثبت زيف الادعاءات غير العلمية التي حاول بعض الباحثين لهوى في نفسه أو لقلة محصوله العلمي أن يلوي عنان هذه اللهجة، فيعود بها إلى بعض اللهجات المجاورة، أو يعود بها إلى لغات غير عربية من مثل الإنجليزية والفرنسية والفارسية. وبهذا يفتح المؤلف طريقا أمام الباحثين والدارسين، ويمهده بهذه الدراسة للعمل على استكمال دراسات منهجية حول اللهجة الكويتية وتدوين ألفاظها قبل أن تطويها يد النسيان، وتحول معالمها أمام تيار الحداثة الذي يحاول استئصال التاريخ.
Book
Practices and Perception towards Usage of English in Kuwait
The status of English in Kuwait occurs in Kachru's Model third circle (Expanding Circle). In this circle, English is used as a foreign language. However, English in Kuwait is not only a subject taught in schools, but also widely used in business communication, social events, and media. The study tends to achieve a twofold aim: 1) to excavate participants' perceptions of their course and course instructor and 2) to flesh out Kuwaiti linguistic features. The data come from the Appraisal Approach proposed by Lipovsky and Mahboob which enables participants to freely narrate and write what they think. The participants are students from the College of Engineering and Petroleum at Kuwait University. The narratives collected are all evaluations that express the students' perceptions of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instructor and course. The research provides insights for students into the way English is used in the so-called nonnative contexts. The significance of the use of this approach lies behind the fact that most such studies use purely figures and numbers which only reflect a passive assessment. The appraisal approach provides richer and deeper insights for researchers since it analyses written discourses of the students. The data suggest that Judgement was the most salient attitude projected by the participants. Further, it was found that the use of narratives to elicit practices and features about language usage in nonnative contexts does not seem to be sufficient to carry out such an analysis.
Journal Article
حجي ديرتنا /
في هذا الكتاب يساهم بتداوين جزء من هذا التاريخ المروي من خلال من أمثال وحكم ومصطلحات، ومن بعض الكلمات التي كان لها صداها وأضحت اليوم غريبة على جيل الشباب، ونستعرضها بأسلوب واضح ومبسط كي يكون سهلا على الشباب الكويتي الذي نريده أن يتذكر الماضي ويعيش فكر أهله قام الؤلف بتوضيح ذلك بوضع الصور التي تشرح الفكرة وتبين المقصد منها، ولذلك رأى أنه من الأنسب أن يضع تلك المعلومات والصور والحكايات في كتاب شامل.
Book
Characteristics of Written Kuwaiti Arabic and their Use in Creating Resources for Morphological Analysis
Kuwaiti Arabic (KA), like other Arabic dialects, is a spoken variety of Arabic that does not have a standardized written convention contrary to Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). With the emergence and spread of social media platforms, Arabic dialects have found their way into the written medium, and hence a need arose to process them alongside MSA. The biggest challenge facing NLP tools is that dialects do not have consistent written conventions contrary to MSA, and writers expressing their dialects usually follow a phonet- ic writing system, or they write words as they pronounce them. This has opened the door for variations within the same dialect and between dialects and MSA. Furthermore, a pre- requisite for analysing any language or dialect is the presence of clear written conventions. Therefore, efforts have been made to establish written conventions for Arabic dialects, but the Kuwaiti dialect has not received the required attention. The current study offers a prac- tical solution for processing written KA. It identified and extracted the written conventions of KA from natural data collected from over 100K Kuwaiti tweets since they represent a good model of natural language. The morphological analyzer (MADAMIRA)- which is de- signed to process MSA- was enhanced with the extracted criteria. Furthermore, the study involved enriching the analyzer with a dictionary of Kuwaiti terms and vocabulary 'lemmas' collected from the Encyclopaedia of Kuwaiti Arabic and from the most used Kuwaiti words on Twitter (currently X). Providing the analyzer with this dictionary of KA words helps it process KA more accurately. The expanded version of the analyzer (MADAMIRA-KA) is the first of its kind designed entirely to process the Kuwaiti dialect and has achieved excellent performance in analyzing over 100K Kuwaiti tweets successfully. The importance of this study lies in developing such a morphological analyzer, which can be used for automated translation, dialect recognition and sentiment analysis.
Journal Article
The Development of an Efficient Transcription System for Kuwaiti Broadcast News and Conversational Speech
The research aims to introduce the first efficient speech transcription system for Kuwaiti Arabic (KA) using speech recognition technologies. The system replaces the conventional manual transcription scheme, which improves reliability, achieves the best use of time, and streamlines the process simultaneously. The research also presents two practical solutions for two fundamental challenges facing the development of speech recognition systems for Arabic dialects. The first challenge is the shortage of dialectal data that is required for efficient modeling. This challenge is addressed by using a combination of available Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) data and the dialectal data when building the acoustic and language models. The second challenge is related to the linguistics specifications of the targeted dialect, which can be seen in the absence of a well-defined orthography system and consequently, the lack of pronunciation dictionaries. The research uses an extended version of the MADAMIRA morphological analyzer that covers KA to automatically generate the pronunciation dictionary needed to build the model. It also uses data from the GALE (phase 3), which contains approximately 22 hours of Kuwaiti speech, varying among broadcast news, talk shows, and conversational programs, as well as 29 hours of TV shows obtained from Kuwaiti TV channels. For MSA data, the researchers retrieved approximately 17.1 hours of speech produced by Gulf speakers from the GALE (phase 3) database. The best performing model reported in this research achieves 7.9% of the word error rate (WER), which is anticipated to deliver a good performance when used in varied applications. The paper recommends for future research to pursue similar studies on other dialects.
Journal Article
Attitudes of Kuwaiti Students Towards English/Kuwaiti Arabic Code Switching in Kuwaiti Media
It has been noticed that the use of English/Kuwaiti Arabic CS has been invading different social domains in Kuwait, one of which is Kuwaiti media. This sociolinguistic study is meant to investigate students' attitudes at the college of basic Education (PAAET) and the college of Education, Kuwait University, towards the use of codes witching in Kuwaiti TV channels. A questionnaire has been utilized and copies have been distributed to 764 students. The findings of the questionnaire were examined across gender, year of study, and student's major as sociolinguistic parameters. The results were analyzed quantitatively. Frequencies, means, standard deviations, t-test and one-way ANOVA were measured followed by analysis and discussions.
Journal Article
L'aventure des Mots Français dans le Dialecte Koweitien
Le dialecte koweïtien n'a cessé de s'enrichir en empruntant beaucoup de ses mots à d'autres langues, voisines ou lointaines. Malgré l'éloignement géographique et culturel, nombreux sont les mots français qui se sont glissés dans le vocabulaire du dialecte koweïtien. Cette aventure des mots étrangers dans le dialecte koweïtien traduit le rayonnement de la langue française au-delà de ses frontières traditionnelles, mais aussi l'ouverture du dialecte koweïtien à d'autres vents et marées qui l'ont enrichi par leurs emprunts. De nombreux travaux sont consacrés aux mots français empruntés à l'Arabe, cet article propose, quant à lui, d'emprunter le chemin inverse pour tracer le voyage des mots français dans le dialecte koweïtien.
Journal Article
نظرات فى تأصيل بعض الظواهر اللغوية فى اللهجة الكويتية
استعرض البحث نظرات في تأصيل بعض الظواهر اللغوية في اللهجة الكويتية. واتبع البحث المنهج الوصفي التاريخي المقارن. واستعرض البحث الظواهر اللغوية في اللهجة الكويتية، ومنها ظاهرة الكشكشة، وظاهرة إبدال الجيم ياءً، وظاهرة إبدال السين صاداً، وظاهرة إبدال القاف جيماً، وإبدال التاء دالاً، وظاهرة إبدال التاء طاءً، وإبدال السين زاياً، وإبدال الألف واواً، وإبدال الهمزة واواً، وظاهرة إبدال اللام نوناً، وظاهرة إبدال الثاء تاءً، وظاهرة إبدال السين ثاء، إبدال الخاء غيناً، وظاهرة زيادة اللام، وصيغة الفعل \"\"يتفيعل\"\"، وصوع اسم المفعول من الأجوف الياني أو الواوي\"\"، وظاهرة القلب المكاني، ونظام التغاير في اللغة، وظاهرة استخدام لغة \"\"أكلوني البراغيث\"\". وجاءت نتائج البحث مؤكدة على أن اللهجة الكويتية في معظمها لغة عربية فصيحة، عدا بعض الظواهر الحديثة التي دخلت اللهجة مؤخراً. وأوصى البحث بعدم تخطئة من سار على هذه اللغة واستخدم هذه الكلمات، تعزيزاً للغة الفصيحة، وإن كان استخدامها قليلاً في بعض الأحيان، وهذه دعوة لدراسة اللهجات العربية وربطها بأمها الفصحى تقريباً منها. كُتب هذا المستخلص من قِبل دار المنظومة 2021\"
Journal Article
Politeness and Impoliteness in Egyptian and Kuwaiti Dialects
This paper presents a comparative study of politeness and impoliteness in Egyptian and Kuwaiti dialects, aiming to highlight similarities and differences in everyday communicative strategies. The author argues that politeness extends beyond verbal etiquette to include linguistic choices and social contexts, and that it is deeply rooted in cultural and social norms. The study applies Brown and Levinson's face-saving strategies along with more recent approaches in pragmatics. Using a sample of natural conversations and interactive situations, it analyzes how speakers employ mitigation or directness in speech acts such as requests, apologies, refusals, and criticism. Findings reveal that Egyptians tend to use humor and linguistic softening as strategies to reduce confrontation, while Kuwaitis are more likely to adopt directness accompanied by respectful titles and religious expressions. The study also shows that perceptions of impoliteness vary culturally: in Egypt, excessive bluntness may be judged as impolite, whereas in Kuwait, it may be valued as honesty and straightforwardness. The article emphasizes that these differences reflect broader societal values: Egyptian discourse privileges social harmony and avoidance of conflict, while Kuwaiti discourse highlights respect and social hierarchy. Nonetheless, both dialects demonstrate flexible strategies that adapt to situational and relational factors. In conclusion, the study argues that examining politeness and impoliteness across Arabic dialects deepens our understanding of cultural and linguistic diversity in the Arab world and underscores the significance of local context in shaping communicative behavior. Abstract Written by Dar AlMandumh, 2025, Using AI
Journal Article