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Obeying and following the way of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) leads to the happiness and prosperity of the world and the hereafter of the Muslims. On the other hand, disobeying and not following the way of the Prophet of Islam has various consequences. One of its dangerous consequences is Innovation (Bid'ah) and deviations being embraced by individuals of the society, which in turn cause the destruction and annihilation of the Islamic society. Therefore, following the prophetic Sunnah and method and avoiding deviations and innovations from the beginning of Islam until today, has always been considered and emphasized by the religious texts and the sayings and recommendations of religious scholars. Therefore, in this issue, recognizing the ways to prevent the occurrence of innovation in the Islamic society in the light of the prophetic hadiths has been intensively discussed and researched.

Moderation is considered favorable deed in all aspects of life, so the holy religion of Islam has advised its followers to observe it in all parts of their lives. This has characterized Muslims moderate followers as Allah has also declared that He has made Muslims a moderate nation so that they may be witnesses to the people and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) be a witness to the Muslims. Meanwhile, extremism and deficiency are frowned at as they cause destruction and annihilation of human beings like the former nations who were overwhelmed and destroyed by extremism and deficiency. The present article represents a detailed discussion of both extremism and deficiency.

تناقش هذه الدراسة قضية تطبيق المجتمع الإسلامي لأحكام الصداق، ومدى صحة ما ذكره أحد المستشرقين من أن الأزواج المسلمين لم يكونوا يدفعون مؤخر الصداق لزوجاتهم قبل العصر المملوكي، وأن زوجاتهم لم يكن يحصلن عليه إلا في حالتي الموت أو الطلاق؛ فاعتمدت الدراسة على مجموعة باقية من الوثائق والبرديات العربية التي سبق نشرها، وألحق بآخر الدراسة نص ينشر أول مرة لوثيقة تتضمن إقرار إحدى الزوجات بتسلم معجل صداقها، مؤرخ في عام ٣٣٤ هـ/ ٩٤٥م، ومحفوظ في مجموعة المتحف المصري ببرلين.