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The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Bidens Pilosa L extract (BPE) on complete blood picture and serum antioxidant enzymes level in rats by the dose of (3, 6 and 9ml orally/day). Thirty tow male albino rats about (170±10g) were used in this study, and then divided into four equal groups each (8rats). The first one considers a control negative group that fed on a basal diet all the time during the experiment, the other groups (24 rats) was fed on a basal diet + the Oral doses of B. Pilosa for (4 weeks). Complete blood cells count levels (HB, HCT, RBCs and PLT) showed significant increases compared with the control group. WBCs showed a decrease. For antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH and GPx) were significantly increase comparing with control.

This study aimed to optimize the antimicrobial efficacy of plant extracts for control of foodborne pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms using food model media based on meat and milk. The extracts of 7 medicinal plants (Gambooge, Clove, Marjoram, Galangal, Thyme, Cinnamon and Marigold) were screened for their antimicrobial activities against nine standard microbial strains (S. aureus, B. cereus, L. monocytogenes, E. coli, P. aeruginosae, S. enterica, C. albicans, Rhizopus sp and A. flavus). All alcoholic extracts (except that of Marigold) inhibited all tested microorganisms. Gambooge extracts showed the best activity against all tested microorganisms producing the widest inhibition zones ranged from 13 to 40 and 8 to 25 mm against bacteria and fungi respectively, followed by Clove extracts with inhibition zones ranged from 11 to 33 and 8 to 22 mm respectively. The most susceptible bacteria among Gram-positives to the tested plant extracts were Bacillus cereus, while the least susceptible were L. monocytogenes. The most susceptible bacteria among Gram-negative bacteria were Salmonella enterica while the least susceptible were P. aeruginosa. on the other hand fungal strains showed the highest resistance more than all tested bacteria and yeast. aqueous extracts showed less activity than alcoholic extracts. When the methanolic extracts were mixed into food models the antimicrobial activity were reduced and the required minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were duplicated. MICs of Gambooge extract ranged from 0.234 to 3.750, 0.468 to 6.666 and 0.877 to 7.5 mg/ml when tested on microbiological (control) media, meat model and milk model respectively. The antimicrobial activity was reduced on semi-skimmed milk model more than that on meat model and control media respectively. The results indicated that plant extracts possessing antimicrobial activity can be exploited as ideal food preservatives after taken into account the reaction and interaction between food components and extract.

There is great interest for NPs manufacturing by environmentally friendly and economic manner. The aqueous leaves extract of Thuja orientalis was used to synthesized silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) by using two green methods, the first one is the magnetic stirrer method and the second method by using the cold plasma. The XRD pattern for both samples annealed at Ta=600˚C for 1h, while they showed the characteristic of Bragg peaks for poly phases at (001), (010), (10-1), (1-10), (0-12) and (002) for SiO2 triclinic (anorthic). The average crystalline size was calculated by using Scherer’s formula, which was 11.1868 nm in magnetic stirrer method, while the cold plasma method showed amorphous structure. The morphology analysis using atomic force microscopy showed that the grain size was 33.94 and 18.37 nm for magnetic stirrer and cold plasma methods respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicates hydrophilic functional groups in the capping matrix, which can improve the stability of silica NPs. The biofilm inhibition of silica NPs were investigated for two genus of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the green silica NPs that synthesized by using cold plasma method showed the highest inhibition effect on S. aureus and E. coli respectively.

The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of three food processing by- products extracts including eggplant peel extract (EPP) , onion skin extract (OSE) , pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and their mixture in modulating the hyperglycemia using alloxane- induced diabetic rat model. Also, the effect of these extracts on diabetic complications including liver functions, serum lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes, the biomarkers of defense system in RBC's were also investigated. Treatment of rats with alloxan caused a significant (p≤ 0.05) increased in serum glucose level by the ratio 163.33% compared to normal control group. Phyto- extracts (EPE, OSE, PPE and their mixture, 150 mg/kg bw/day) , lead to decrease this elevation value and recorded 71.17, 53.25, 57.17 and 47.30%, respectively, compared to normal control group. The maximum hypoglycemic yield was noticed for the extracts mixture treatment when compared with the rest of tested extracts individually. Also, phyto- extracts treatments attenuate the different diabetic complications including liver functions and serum lipid profile. The same treatment improve the antioxidant defense system in RBCs through elevation the activities of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase). In conclusion, the present study has demonstrated multiple beneficial effects of EPP, OSE and PPE in combating diabetes and diabetes- related complications. Thus, we recommended such phyto- extracts to be included in our daily diets, drinks, food supplementation and pharmacological formulae.