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This study is based on anthroponomastics (anthroponymy), the study of personal names, which is one of the principal branches of onomastics: the study of proper names of all kinds. In this study, personal names of Makkan males and females are investigated hoping to shed some light on the naming system applicable in the city of Makkah, in particular, and in Saudi Arabia in general. Thus, the study attempts to answer the following questions: 1- What are the socio-cultural aspects of Makkan anthroponomastics? 2- What are the linguistic aspects of Makkan anthroponomastics?

Homegrown terrorism, or domestic terrorism, has been on the rise in correlation with the number of refugee and migrant populations within Europe. Not only has radical Islamist terrorism become prevalent, but alongside this trend, Europeans find that farright extremism is a mirrored manifestation of extremist Islamist ideology. While Europe fails to properly address the root causes of this crisis, European states propel further into individual identity crises that fester into extremism. Prejudice, divisive policies, and sectarianism leave societies to find legitimacy elsewhere as the harmonic order and social contract within society fails, and people revert to smaller factions as they cannot reap the benefits of a functioning social contract. This article utilizes Jean-Jacque Rosseau's social contract theory to analyze how a society that does not sufficiently adapt to multiculturalism and diversity, leads to extremist pockets in the long run. The analysis conducted draws upon statistical data from the European Commission's research on extremism within the Union, as well as scholarly research on identity theory and terrorism.

تعد الأمثال الشعبية المصرية جزءا لا يتجزأ من التراث الثقافي، إذ تعكس تجارب الشعوب وحكمتها وتاريخها، ونظرا لأهميتها فقد حظيت الأمثال باهتمام متزايد من الباحثين، حيث تستخدم في الفنون البصرية والتطبيقية كوسيلة للحفاظ على الثقافة الشعبية ونقلها للأجيال القادمة، فتتميز الأمثال عن غيرها من أشكال الأدب الشعبي بدلالاتها الفلسفية التي تلخص الخبرات الإنسانية في عبارات موجزة سهلة التداول. شهدت طرق توظيف الأمثال تطورات متعددة، فلم تقتصر على النقل الشفهي فقط، بل ظهرت اتجاهات فنية تعمل على تجسيدها في اللوحات والأعمال الفنية، ويسعى البحث الحالي إلى الإجابة عن تساؤل أساسي: هل يمكن توظيف الأمثال والرموز الشعبية في تصميم الأعمال الفنية، لا سيما في مجال المعلقات النسيجية المطبوعة؟ وما مدى تأثير هذه الأعمال على تعزيز قيم المجتمع وهويته؟ يفترض البحث أن دمج الأمثال والرموز الشعبية في عمل فني يساهم في توثيق التراث المصري، وتعزيز القيم المجتمعية، وترسيخ الهوية المصرية. ويهدف البحث أيضا إلى استكشاف الجماليات الفنية للأمثال وإعادة توظيفها برؤية معاصرة في مجال تصميم المعلقات النسيجية المطبوعة. تكمن أهمية البحث في تقديم تصميمات معاصرة مستوحاة من الأمثال والرموز الشعبية، يمكن استخدامها في طباعة المعلقات النسيجية، بما يسهم في زيادة الوعي بالقيم الثقافية والحفاظ على الهوية المصرية.

تمثل الأعراف الاجتماعية والمواريث الثقافية واحدة من أكبر العوائق أمام تفعيل سياسات تمكين المرأة على عدة مستويات، وعلى رأس تلك الأعراف المعايير الجنسانية التمييزية، والنظرة التقليدية السلبية تجاه المرأة، التي تحد بقوة من حقوق المرأة وخياراتها، وتحرم المجتمعات الفوائد المتعددة للمشاركة النسائية، وتسهم إلى حد بعيد في خلق بيئة دافعة وحاضنة لجرائم العنف ضد المرأة، حتى في ظل وجود تشريعات وقوانين تمنع ذلك وتجرّمه. ويتطلب تغيير هذا الوضع الكؤود جهودًا مستمرة من الدولة والمجتمع معاً لمعالجة هذه الأعراف على نحو فاعل، وهو ما عرفته العقود القليلة الماضية من خلال بعض السياسات والقوانين والمعالجات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والسياسية والتشريعية.

The present essay is personal reading of Ahmed Saadawi?s novel Frankenstein in Baghdad, which is viewed in light of the development of the genre of utopian/dystopian writing not only in Western literature but also in the Arab/Islamic literature, highlighting the way the Iraqi writer understood the realities in his own country following the American invasion. The novel is a metaphor of the intertribal violence that is still shaking the illusory peace of the country, affecting the lives and destinies of a people who has not completely recovered from the horrors of the wars of the last decades. \"Frankenstein in Baghdad... is something of an exorcism of the evil spirits of an era not quite past. Saadawi?s goal isn?t to resolve the horror of war, but rather to thrust the reader into its midst so that they may question its senselessness\". ~ Zahra Hankir\"

Eco-feminist writers, in general, investigate the relationship between the oppression of women and the degradation of nature. Cultural ecofeminism, as a branch of ecofeminism, reclaims the twinning of nature with women in terms of productivity and bounty. Cultural eco-feminists emphasize a kind of affinity between elements of nature such as land, woods, desert...etc. and women, in an attempt to reach out to a better cultural community. They try to integrate their views of nature with culture. With such perspective, the current study approaches the poetry of the Mexican American poet, Pat Mora (1942-). Mora's attachment to the Mexican environment and culture greatly influences her literary output which is imbued with images of the desert stressing the cultural concept of the desert as a mother who is endowed with a healing power. She believes that one's culture and environment knit one's heritage and the process of recovering heritage conditions reviving cultural traditions, concepts, practices, values, beliefs and character of place. Thus, her writings focus on the cultural value of land, of communal identities and the Latino mythologies. She depicts Latino people who dwell in a harsh desert from which she unearths the stories of the past to heal the present with special emphasis on the role of land/ desert as a healer by exploiting the image of the curandera, the woman healer in the Mexican culture.

Post-modern societies conceive time as 'money', where every minute counts, whilst pre-modern societies treat time more liberally; hours and days are utilized less effectively, with little achieved at its end. Method: A quantitative method of data collection has been used to compare two samples from different cultures, Results: A large divide was observed between the sample of a post-modern society at Leeds University when compared to that of a pre-modern society in the form of students at Baghdad University. Conclusion: At present a large difference is observed between the two sample groups P<.0001. This may seem to be an unbridgeable gap when the two societies are compared side by side. Societal change is required in Iraq that draws importance to the value of time, and this should occur as the process of industrialization and urbanization proceeds at an accelerated pace in the future.