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The Egyptian livestock sector enjoys comparative advantages in producing broiler meat, egg, fish and milk production. But, in the case of Fattened calves, the native cattle and buffalo production systems do not enjoy comparative advantages. In producing red meat This is because of high input cost in terms of purchased young stock (cattle) and imported feed ingredients. In the case of dairy cows, exotic cow enjoys the highest comparative advantage in producing milk among the dairy cows, because of the high yield of milk per cow. The native dairy cow in traditional system has comparative advantage because the non - milk returns represents 45 % of the total returns and the cheap forages are the main source of the nutrition. For layer and broiler, large scale production systems have more comparative advantages than the small ones. The most competitive systems is the large scale production system of layer and exotic dairy cow which yield DRC equals to 0.23 and 0.25, respectively. This is due mainly to fact that the average border price of egg and milk is almost double the local one. The fish production in Ponds enjoys quite high comparative advantage. The high fish production rate and the improved feed conversion rate are main reasons beyond this phenomenon. By applying sensitivity analysis the study found - under the first scenario (increase energy costs) - the livestock and poultry products, except cattle meat and poultry meat from small scale production systems, enjoy comparative advantages. Under the second scenario (increase feed cost), the livestock and Poultry products, except buffalo and native cattle meat production, enjoy comparative advantages. Finally under the third scenario (improve Productivity) the livestock and Poultry products, except beef production from fattened head (native and buffalo) enjoy comparative advantages..

This study aimed at investigating the factors that affect the adoption of electronic newspapers in Jordan. The study tested the attributes of the theory of diffusion of innovation developed by Rogers (1995), which consists of five independent variables (relative advantage, compat¬ibility, complexity, trialability, and observability) and the dependent variable (adoption).The population com¬prised consumers who used electronic newspapers. A questionnaire was distributed electronically to a conveni¬ence sample of consumers. 222 questionnaires were re¬turned and were suitable for analysis. The results showed that the constructs relative advantage, compatibility, trialability, and observability of electronic newspapers were all found to have a significant and positive impact on its rate of adoption, while complexity has a significant negative impact on its rate of adoption. Based on the findings and conclusions, a number of implications and recommendations are suggested, and some future research is proposed.

The objective of this research was to analyze the economic impact of government intervention in the essential cereal crops for (Rice Buhooth1, and Synthetic genotype Baghdad3) by comparing the social price and private prices through adopting policy analysis matrix approach PAM and the derived parameters from it .The research was divided into two chapters; the first chapter was about field counting for the policy analysis matrix PAM and measuring the implications of the government intervention on the Rice Buhooth1. The second chapter was about explaining the field counting for policy analysis matrix PAM and measuring the implications of the government intervention impact on the second synthetic genotype Baghdad3.The research found a set of results, the most important result showed that the value of profitability coefficient was about 3.69, this indicates that the rice crop production system for the Rice Buhooth 1 takes advantage of the adopted government policy in that year, which means that there is governmental support for the product. In addition, domestic resource cost coefficient value which was about 0.72 indicates that there is comparative advantage for the Rice Buhooth 1 for the year 2012. The values of the nominal and effective protection coefficient were about 1.74 and 1.59 respectively; the value of the first factor indicates that there is governmental support for the domestic producer for the above, while the second factor indicates that the domestic producer will obtain greater returns in the investment of its resources in the existence of the government intervention from its absence. Regarding the Synthetic genotype Baghdad3, the value of profitability coefficient was about 1.75 which means that there is governmental support for the product. The domestic resource cost coefficient value was about 0.24 which indicates that there was comparative advantage for the mentioned above for the year 2012. The values of the nominal and effective protection coefficient were about 1.48 and 1.56 respectively; the value of the first factor indicates that there is governmental support for the domestic producer for the above, while the second factor indicates that the domestic producer will obtain greater returns in the investment of its resources in the existence of the government intervention from its absence. Finally, it is highly recommended that support should be increased for the varieties that the country has greater comparative advantage in order to improve the utilization of available resources and reduce wasted resources. Moreover, similar studies should be done in the future by other researchers to major cereal crops varieties at the country level in order to do comparison between them to set a mechanism for the government intervention policy in the main crop prices in the country which help both the local producer and agricultural investor in directing its resources properly.

The virtual water trade is evoked like adaptation strategy to water scarcity and an element of water demand management (WDM). This paper aims to discuss the concept of virtual water, the relationship between the production of goods, and the availability of water, and to understand the trend of global virtual water trade flows. Algeria as an arid and semi-arid country imports about 17,31 Bm3/ year as virtual water contained in imports which would exceed even the natural potential of the country (16,24 Bm3) and by far the exploitable volumes (10,47 Bm3). The article aims also to measure the degree of the contribution of this strategy in the mitigation of the water scarcity in Algeria. The limits of this practice will be analyzed from an economic point of view.

Potato cultivation is one of the most important manifestations of agricultural intensification of Oued Souf. Which necessitated the continuation of this boom by study and analysis. The study used the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM), one of the most important quantitative analysis tools in this field. To arrive at a set of indicators that assess the role of government policies and accurately determine the comparative advantage and competitiveness of the potato crop in the region.

يكتسي موضوع الدفع الإلكتروني وتبني الزبون له أهمية كبيرة، انطلاقا من كون التحول نحو الخدمة الإلكترونية هو أساس مواكبة التغيرات التي يشهدها العالم، فمن خلال هذه الورقة البحثية سنحاول التركيز على الميزة النسبية في الدفع الإلكتروني، ومعرفة تأثير وعي الزبون بها على تبني الدفع الإلكتروني، حيث تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، والاستعانة ببرنامجي spss نسخة 23 وAmos نسخة 23، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى وجود علاقة وساطة جزئية بين وعي الزبون والميزة النسبية وتبني الدفع الإلكتروني.

يمثل محصول البطاطس أحد محاصيل الخضر الغذائية والتصنيعية الاستراتيجية الهامة في مصر، والذي تقوم عليه بعض الصناعات الغذائية ومصدراً هاماً من مصادر الدخل الزراعي القومي، كما تساهم صادرات البطاطس في الحصول على العملة الصعبة والنقد الأجنبي. ولقد انحصرت مشكلة البحث في تذبذب وعدم استقرار الكمية المصدرة من البطاطس الطازجة. ولذلك استهدف البحث دراسة كل من تطور الطاقة الإنتاجية والتصديرية لمحصول البطاطس، والتوزيع الجغرافي للصادرات المصرية من البطاطس، ودراسة القدرة التنافسية للصادرات البطاطس المصرية في أهم الأسواق الخارجية. وجاءت أهم النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث أن أهم الأسواق التصديرية لمحصول البطاطس هي روسيا، اليونان حيث تمثل هذه الأسواق مجتمعة نحو 49% من إجمالي قيمة صادرات مصر من البطاطس، ونحو 48.63% من إجمالي كمية صادرات مصر من البطاطس كمتوسط للفترة (2017-2021). وأهم مواسم التصدير لمحصول البطاطس تبين أن الأشهر (فبراير -يناير -مارس -أبريل) هي أهم الأشهر التصديرية حيث بلغ متوسط هذه الأشهر حوالي 603.87 ألف طن تمثل نحو 84.9% من متوسط إجمالي صادرات مصر من البطاطس خلال الفترة (2017 -2021). كما اتضح من نتائج معدل الاختراق أن السوق الروسي يحتل المترتبة الأولي يليه السوق اليوناني في المرتبة الثانية على الترتيب.