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This article aims to establish indicators by which tourism sectors in Algeria and Tunisia can work to ensure and confirm their positive and effective participation in contributing to achieving sustainable development. We pose the following question: What is the impact of tourism development on sustainable development in Algeria and Tunisia? Methodologically, this study relies on a descriptive and analytical approach to the various aspects of the research to arrive at conclusions and answers to the presented question. It also aims to define sustainable development in the tourism sector, as well as the concept of sustainable tourism, and the feasibility of applying these concepts in this sector. In addition, it presents a comparative analytical study between Algeria and Tunisia in the field of sustainable tourism.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of exchange traded derivatives on economic growth using panel data set of three regions in the world (North America, Europe, Asia and Pacific) over the period (1993-2022). The study used GDP Per Capita (GDPPC) as dependent variable. Exchange traded derivatives and inflation as independent variables. The study used multiple linear regression model to examine the effect of independent variables on dependent variable. Fixed effect model was the appropriate model for the study data. Empirical findings indicated that inflation was statistically insignificant. While the exchange traded derivatives variable was statistically significant. The results revealed that the exchange traded derivatives contribute positively to economic growth in the short run, but the influence disappears in the long run for the study sample and period. The empirical findings confirmed also the existence of bi-directional short-run causality between GDPPC and DER.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions are among the key environmental factors linked to economic activity, especially in countries heavily dependent on conventional energy. This study examines the role of renewable energy use, CO₂ emissions, oil production, and oil prices in achieving sustainable economic growth in Algeria, using an ARDL model for the period 2000-2023. The results indicate that per capita CO₂ emissions have a positive and significant impact on per capita GDP in both the short and long term, highlighting the economy's reliance on fossil fuels. Conversely, renewable energy consumption showed no significant long-term effect and had a negative short-term impact, reflecting its weak economic contribution. Crude oil production and prices were found to positively and significantly influence economic growth over both horizons, reaffirming Algeria's dependence on the hydrocarbon sector. The study recommends boosting investment in renewable energy to diversify the energy mix, reduce oil dependency, and promote more sustainable economic growth.

This research is aims to study the effect of insurance activity on economic growth and causality between both of them in Morocco. Time series data for the period 1980-2017 are used where Augmented Dicky-Fuller test, cointegration test of Johansen and causality test of Granger are used. The stationarity test exhibited that the time series have been not stationary at level, and they are stationary after taking their first difference. After implementing Johansen cointegration test, it was shown that there is a relationship between insurance sector and economic growth in the long run which allows to check the direction of causality between both of them. The Granger causality test shows significant bidirectional causality between total insurance premiums and real GDP. These findings accentuate the need of insurance sector in promoting economic growth.

The main objective of this study is to examine the data, on inclusion and financial depth in Algeria from 2004 to 2021. The aim is to understand and measure the relationship and correlation between these two variables. To achieve this, we utilized both Excel and Eviews 12 programs to test our hypotheses and discuss our findings Our study discovered that there is no impact between the credit provided to the sector and ATMs. However interestingly we did find a positive effect between the expansion of money supply and the number of ATM transactions. Specifically for every 1% increase in money supply there was an increase of 0.83% in ATM transactions. Furthermore, our research revealed that both credit provision to the sector and an expanded money supply has an influence on the number of bank branches.

This study examines the relationship between financial development and human development in Hungary during 1970-2019. For this purpose, the autoregressive distributed lag approach and the bounds test were performed, which revealed the presence of a cointegration relationship between the two variables. The empirical findings revealed that the overall effect of financial development on human capital can be positive or negative, depending on the variables used, and several robustness tests confirmed these results. The analysis also identifies the primary policy possibilities by which improvements in financial reforms impact human capital. It is recommended to eliminate inefficiencies in spending to achieve high efficiency in education and healthcare, particularly in terms of both quality and inclusion.

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between oil prices shocks and government spending on the Algerian economy within the period 1986 to 2019. Using annual data and employing Granger causality technique between oil prices and government spending, where the results confirm that there is an unidirectional causality from oil prices to government spending, and we use the vector autoregressive model, where the VAR(2) model is with high statistical quality and reliable for analysis, and according to estimates of aggregate impulse response functions, the occurrence of a positive shock in the oil prices, leads to a positive impact on government spending.

This paper aims at testing the asymmetric effect between the change in unemployment rates and the real economic growth according to the okun's law of the Algerian economy during the period 1980-2018 by relying on Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL). empirical results confirmed the absence of the equilibrium relationship - the long-term relationship - which reflects the absence of Okun's law in the long term. The asymmetry test also shows symmetry in the long-term relationship. However, the empirical results shows an asymmetry in the short-term relationship

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى معرفة اتجاه العلاقة بين سعر الصرف والتنويع الاقتصادي في الجزائر خلال الفترة 1990-2022، وذلك بعد تحليل واقع كل منهما في الجزائر. اعتمدت هذه الدراسة على سببية الترددات وقد خلصت نتائج اختبار Gregory-Hansen إلى وجود علاقة تكامل مشترك بين سعر الصرف ومؤشر هيرفندال هيرشمان مع وجود مقطع هيكلي، بالإضافة إلى وجود علاقة سببية في الأجل القصير والمتوسط تتجه من مؤشر هيرفندال هيرشمان الذي يعبر عن التنويع الاقتصادي نحو سعر الصرف خلال فترة الدراسة.

الهدف: التعرف على الحجم الأمثل للإنفاق العام في الاقتصاد الفلسطيني كنسبة من الناتج المحلي الإجمالي خلال الفترة 1996-2020. المنهج: اعتمد الباحثون في هذه الدراسة على المنهج الكمي (القياسي) وتم التوصل للنتائج بالاعتماد على التحليل النظري والقياسي الكمي، حيث تم استخدام طرق التكامل المشترك الأساسي (CCA) وطريقة المربعات الصغرى المعدلة بالكامل (Fully Modified OLS) وطريقة المربعات الصغرى الديناميكية (OLS Dynamic) باتباع المنهجية التي استخدمها بارو (Barro 1990). نتائج الدراسة: توصلت الدراسة إلى أن السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية وصلت إلى الحد الأقصى من نسبة الإنفاق العام للناتج المحلي الإجمالي حيث كانت النسبة الأمثل 17.7% والتي تشكل الحجم الأمثل للإنفاق العام والذي يقدم أفضل مساهمة في تحسين معدلات النمو الاقتصادي. التوصيات: خلصت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من التوصيات من أهمها ضرورة ترشيد الأنفاق الحكومي ورفع كفاءته، ومن ناحية أخرى البحث عن مصادر مرنه ودائمة للتمويل الحكومي.