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The present study was aimed to study the effect of watercress supplementation at three different levels for 8 weeks on alleviating the side effects of reused oil on sex hormones of adult male rats. Thirty male albino rats were divided into 5 groups; group (1) was fed on basal diet (as a control negative group). Group (2) was fed on basal diet containing 4 % of re-used oil substituted with oil content of the basal diet (as a control positive group). Groups (3, 4 and 5) as the same of group (2) and supplemented with 5, 7.5 and 10% dried watercress respectively.

Background: Rutin (quercetin-3-rhamnosyl-glucoside), a flavonoid, is derived from plants and has antioxidant properties. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of rutin on mouse ovary heterotopic allotransplantation. Methods: The present animal experimental study was conducted on 40 female adult Balb/c mice weighing 30±5 g at the Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, during 2016 - 2018. The mice were divided by permuted block randomization into 8 groups (n = 5): OVX (ovariectomy), as the negative control; normal (positive control); OVX + OVA (ovariectomy and transplantation) (control), treated with 0.5 mL of normal saline; OVX + OVA + 10 mg/kg of rutin; OVX + OVA + 30 mg/kg of rutin; OVX + OVA + 60 mg/kg of rutin; OVX + OVA + 100 mg/kg of rutin; and the autograft. Groups were treated daily. Fourteen days after transplantation, ovarian grafts were collected and processed histologically for follicle number counting. Serum estrogen (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels were evaluated. Furthermore, the expression of Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα), Estrogen Receptor beta (ERβ), and Progesterone Receptor (PR) in the uterine endometrial tissue was tested using qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results: A decrease in the number of mature follicles and increase in the number of atretic follicles (mean ± SD: OVX + OVA + 30 = 19.00± 1.000, OVX + OVA + 60 = 25.00± 5.000, and OVX + OVA + 100 = 23.00 ± 2.646) were observed in all groups treated with rutin in comparison with the control group (mean ± SD: 12.33 ± 2.517) (P value < 0.05). The level of E2 and P4 (mean ± SD: OVX + OVA + 100 = 6.133 ± 1.026) increased in comparison with the OVX + OVA group (mean ± SD: 0.4667 ± 0.2517) (P value < 0.05). The protein expression of ERα (mean ± SD: OVX + OVA + 10 = 1.615 ± 0.1701 and OVX + OVA + 30 = 1.744 ± 0.1779) in comparison with the control group (mean ± SD: 0.7089 ± 0.1131), and ERβ (mean ± SD: OVX + OVA + 10 = 0.7747 ± 0.4365, OVX + OVA + 30 = 0.9220 ± 0.1245, OVX + OVA + 60 = 0.7701 ± 0.2150, and OVX + OVA + 100 = 0.6676 ± 0.1547) increased in a dose-dependent manner in all groups treated with rutin in comparison with the OVX + OVA group (mean ± SD: 0.1534 ± 0.06109) (P value < 0.05). No significant changes in PR were found in groups treated with rutin in comparison with the control group. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that rutin increases E2 and P4 levels in ovarian hetero allograft mice. Rutin also upregulated the expression of ERα and ERβ but had no significant effect on PR.

Deficiency of the 5-α-reductase enzyme has been found to affect male sexual development. We report an 18-year-old patient who was referred to an endocrinology clinic in Jizan, Saudi Arabia, in April 2014 with primary amenorrhoea, virilisation and a lack of secondary sex characteristics. As female external genitalia were present at birth, she had been raised as a female. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed no uterine or ovarian tissue in the pelvis and the presence of a scrotal sac. She was diagnosed with 5-α-reductase type 2 deficiency, a 46,XY disorder of sexual development. Typically, affected males have pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias and ambiguous genitalia at birth. Individuals who have been raised as female manifest characteristics of virilisation at puberty, including deepening of the vocal tone, phallus enlargement, scrotal hyperpigmentation and increased muscle mass.

Background: No comprehensive study has been conducted on risk factors of sexual dysfunction in women with diabetes mellitus. Objectives: The aim of this study was to consider all possible influencing variables including hormonal, physical and, psychological status, socioeconomic status, and dietary intake to get more accurate and reliable results. Patients and Methods: Sexual function was assessed by Iranian validated female sexual function index (FSFI).The variables of the study were demographic and diabetes-related factors, stress-depression, physical activity, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, lipid profile, cortisol, sex and thyroid hormones, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, and dietary intake. Results: Among all investigated variables, partner relationship showed a strong positive association with FSFI (β = 1.93 ± 0.41, P < 0.0001). In addition, not considering partner relationship, FSFI showed a significant negative association with age (β = -0.19 ± 0.20, P = 0.04), stress-depression score (β = -0.08 ± 0.04, P = 0.04), DD (β = -0.03 ± 0.01, P = 0.04), and systolic blood pressure (β = -0.14 ± 0.06, P = 0.03). Significant associations between FSFI and serum sex hormones and other biochemical were found in neither postmenopausal nor non-menopausal women. The means of SFSI in postmenopausal women were greater than non-menopausal (P = 0.02). Conclusions: It seems that in our population, female sexual function was much more than just a hormonal or physical problem and psychological factors, especially partner relationship and stress-depression, are the most determinants. In addition, age, duration of challenging with disease, and the lack of controlling systolic blood pressure were common factors that decreased sexual function.