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This article provides an analysis of Donald Trump's inauguration speech in 2017, employing an approach of critical discourse. Applying Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as a theoretical foundation, this analysis investigates the linguistic features, discourse strategies, and thematic elements manifested in the given speech. The article posits that the speech delivered by Trump served as a potent instrument for attacking the entirety of the political establishment within the United States. This exemplifies the various methods by which language can be employed to sway and exert influence over the general populace, as well as to contest prevailing power dynamics. The analysis further emphasizes the need to employ critical discourse analysis as a means of comprehending the manners in which language is employed to influence power dynamics and social change.

تؤدي مراكز التفكير دورا مهما في تكوين السياسة الخارجية الأمريكية، من خلال توفير أبحاث ومشورات استراتيجية، تساعد صناع القرار في الحكومة والكونغرس على تحديد المواقف والقرارات التي يمكن اتخاذها في شأن مختلف القضايا الدولية. في هذا الإطار، تسعى هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم مدى تأثير مراكز الأبحاث المحافظة في إدارة ترامب وسياسته الخارجية، وبخاصة القرارات التي اتخذها في شأن الانسحاب من بعض المنظمات والاتفاقيات الدولية، وكذلك موقفه من المشكلات العالمية المشتركة، كالتغير المناخي والهجرة وحقوق الإنسان، من جهة، وتأثير مراكز التفكير الليبرالية في سياسة بايدن الخارجية، وبخاصة ما يتعلق باحتواء الصين والحرب الروسية- الأوكرانية وطوفان الأقصى، من جهة أخرى.

This study is concerned with utilizing CDA to analyze and identify the main strategies of legitimization in D. Trump's public speech. As such, this study aims to (1) find out legitimization strategies processed in Trump's public speech, (2) pinpoint the evaluation and authority legitimization strategies in Trump's public speech. To achieve the aims of the study and test its hypotheses, the following procedure is followed: (1) surveying the CDA literature of the political discourse, (2) reviewing literature on legitimization, its definition, types, functions, strategies and models, (3) developing a model of analysis, (4) selecting representative extracts taken from Trump's public speeches to be the data of analysis, and (5) conducting qualitative data analysis in the light of the model developed, supported with some statistical correlations. The results of analysis revealed that the value of the significance has been reliable and this validates the first hypothesis that Trump manipulates different legitimization strategies that enhance his own ideologies towards political cases, where such discursive and rhetorical strategies have been employed to legitimize different political and economic decisions and threats concerning various ideological contexts such as the Middle East issues, terrorism, immigration and the global economic crisis.

The aim of the present study is to define a linguistic framework through exploring linguistic co- selection, and lexical cohesion in Donald Trump's speeches and tweets during COVID- 19 pandemic. Another aim is to identify his ideological structure and implications concerning this world crisis. Corpus analysis, in addition to quantitative and qualitative data analyses were used. Two corpora were analyzed in this study. The first constituted five of Trump's speeches delivered during the period from the 11th of March, 2020 to the 23rd of April, 2020, the peak of the pandemic. The second corpus was the tweets corpus. This included Trump's tweets transcripts related to COVID- 19 pandemic, since the 22nd of January, 2020 to the 3rd of January, 2022. The selected corpora were analyzed using AntConc. 4.2.2 Tools, an online free software used for corpus analysis. The results showed that the most dominant type of cohesive devices used was repetition: in most of his speeches or tweets Trump resorted to the repetition strategy. The use of lexical devices (including synonyms, hyponyms, collocations, antonyms and metonymies) in Trump's speeches can have a rhetorical value that makes them function as a means of social interaction with the aim of influencing the nation.

Communication is an indispensable tool that is used to communicate various emotions, exchange information, transmit messages, and carry out a variety of other functions. In order to achieve a successful communication, both speakers and listeners work together to attain a common understanding. They do that by deciphering words, word choices, and linguistic connections used to express something. They can achieve that only if they both interpret what is said in the same way. Although individual words do not usually have meanings by themselves, human determine that meaning. Thus, one word cannot always carry a Connotational meaning since humans have a significant role in determining the reference of that word. The present study tackles the concept of reference in \"The Daily Show with Trevor Noah\". It tries to find out how the different types of reference are used by speakers to express meaning that is inferred by the audience. The study aims at 1)identifying the most used types of reference in satirical talk shows, and 2) showing the way in which reference functions in satirical talk shows. The data are taken from an episode of the American satirical talk show entitled \"The Daily Show with Trevor Noah\". The finding of the analysis show that: 1) referential and attributive meanings are mostly used in the data, and 2) reference functions as a tool to criticize politicians and ridicule Trump and his family for their irresponsible behavior and carelessness.

The field of translation has recently been affected by an increasing tendency to use unconventional language in the realm of politics. This study explores the influence of such a tendency on simultaneous interpreting and focuses on the Arabic translations of two simultaneous interpreters who rendered two of Donald Trump's unscripted speeches into Arabic. The study aims at detecting the constraints involved in the simultaneous interpretating of Trump's unscripted speeches, exploring the interpreters' strategies, and revealing how the speaker's deviation from the norms of language use in politics may have an impact on the performance of the interpreters. The study contributes to the field of translation studies by exploring the territory of political interpretating into Arabic which needs further studying. It addresses the phenomenon of using unconventional language in the realm of politics and broadens our knowledge of the constraints it imposes on simultaneous interpretating and of the ways in which simultaneous interpreters intervene to make the communicated message intelligible. The study also suggests that explanation can be another category of the ways of intervention that interpreters use and can thus be added to the categorisation suggested by Kadrić et al. (2022).

(سنجعل من أمريكا عظيمة مرة أخرى)..من هذه المنصة الانتخابية انطلقت الحملة التسويقية للمرشح دونالد ترامب في تنافسه الانتخابي ضد المرشحة هيلاري كلنتون للانتخابات الرئاسية الأمريكية والتي تمثل الماركة التجارية السياسية لحملته الانتخابية جاعلاً من الهوية الأمريكية محوراً أساسياً في بناء استراتيجيته التسويقية. وكغيره من المرشحين للرئاسة الأمريكية تنبه ترامب إلى أهمية التسويق السياسي، فتوجه نحو بناء استراتيجية لخدمة أهدافه المختلفة بغية ملأ خزانه الانتخابي بأكبر قدر ممكن من الأصوات، فعمد إلى دراسة سلوك المستهلك السياسي الأمريكي بالتفصيل مستخدماً عدة أساليب تكتيكية لجذب واستقطاب الناخبين إلى منتجاته السياسية والرضا بدفع السعر عبر تجزئة سوقه السياسي الانتخابي ليشمل أغلب شرائح المجتمع بل والوصول إلى شرائح لم ينجح غيره من الرؤساء في الحصول على أصواتهم أو دعمهم، فضلاً عن تسويقه لخصمه هيلاري كلنتون (كمنتج سيء) مستغلاً حالة السخط العام للأمريكيين على الواقع الأمريكي الفاسد وما يحمله من هموم، فوجدوا في ترامب الحل نحو التغيير وتلبية احتياجاتهم بعد أن سوَّق ترامب نفسه (كمنتج جيد) قادراً على تخليص الأمريكيين من همومهم، فهو الرجل المنقذ والقائد الضرورة لاستعادة عظمة وهيبة أمريكا سيما وأن ترامب لا يملك أي تاريخ سياسي سيء. وقد ساعده على ذلك التطور التكنولوجي في مجال الاتصال الرقمي السياسي من خلال تسخير شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي بوصفها تقنية فائقة الجودة تحقق سرعة ترويج المنتجات لخلق التفاعل وإدامته بين المرشح وملايين المستهلكين من جمهور الناخبين.