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"علم الفطريات"
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Evaluation of antifungal metabolites produced by Pseudomonas Fluorescens (PS02 and PS14) isolates for biocontrol of Fusarium culmorum
Antifungal metabolites, inhibitory to Fusarium culmorum, were isolated from the antagonistic bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens grown in King's B liquid medium. The cell-free filtrates obtained, were tested using an agar diffusion assay for their ability to inhibit Fusarium culmorum. The results showed that the cell-free filtrates of P. fluorescens PS02 and PS 14 isolates inhibited mycelial growth and conidial germination of Fusarium culmorum. However, only extracts obtained by the solvent diethylether showed clear inhibition zones compared to those extracts obtained by dichloromethane. The Inhibition zones of mycelial growth and conidial germination of Fusarium culmorum were only observed for all the acidic extracts of both bacterial isolates.
Journal Article
الفطريات
يتناول هذا الكتاب الحديث عن الفطريات وقد اشتمل على عشرة فصول تحدث في الفصل الأول عن الأساسيات التي يجب مراعتها عند دراسة الفطريات وتناول الفصل الثاني الحديث عن الفطريات الحيوانية بينما تحدث الفصل الثالث عن الفطريات المائية وألقى الفصل الرابع الضوء على الفطريات الحقيقة قسم الفطريات الكتريدية وفي الفصل الخامس تحدث عن الفطريات الحقيقة قسم الفطريات البلاستوكلادية وألقى الفصل السادس الضوء على الفطريات الحقيقة قسم الفطريات الزيجوية وتناول الفصل السابع الحديث عن الفطريات الحقيقة قسم الفطريات الأسكية وبين الفصل الثامن نوع من آخر الفطريات الحقيقة وهي الفطريات البازيدية وتحدث الفصل التاسع عن الفطريات الناقصة بينما ألقى الفصل العاشر والأخير الضوء على الأشن وقد زود الكتاب بالكثير من المراجع العلمية العربية منها والأجنبية.
BOOK
Experimental Study to Improve Bio-Ethanol Yield from Iraq Dates Crop
Bio-ethanol can be produced from different agricultural crops such as sugar cane, beat root, dates, etc. In Iraq the Zahdi species of dates is produced in very large quantities with good sugar content so it is chosen for the production of bio-ethanol. This research presents the possibility of improving the bio-ethanol yield from dates and to reduce the production cost. A special rig is designed and assembled for this purpose. Dates juice is available in local markets so it is used as the raw material for the production. Ordinary production process includes many stages namely; fermentation, distillation and dehydration. All these stages are carried out under atmospheric pressure. Two techniques are tested in this research. The first technique is to add another stage for the production stages which is a pre-treatment heating process of date juice in a microwave oven before the fermentation process in order to reduce the fermentation time. The second technique is to carry out the distillation and dehydration stages under vacuum pressure. Two vacuum pressures are tested namely 0.5 and 0.7 bar vacuum. It is found that the pre-treatment of the juice in the oven reduces the fermentation time. Three residence times in the oven are tested namely (10, 20 and 30 min) at 140 oC. When the residence time exceeds 30 min the sample burns in the oven. The fermentation time for these residence times decreases by 8.3, 20.8 and 29% respectively. The reduction in fermentation time reduces power consumption and hence production cost. The fermentation process is followed by the distillation process under vacuum pressure, which includes three stages. Two experiments are done one under a vacuum pressure of 0.7 bar while the other under a vacuum pressure of 0.5 bar. Different evaporation temperatures are tested for each stage to obtain the best temperature for each stage which gives the shortest time and the highest concentration. It is found that carrying out the distillation process under vacuum reduces the total distillation time by about 32%. As the vacuum pressure increases the total distillation time decreases due to lower evaporation temperature. Finally, dehydration process under vacuum pressure is the most important and difficult process because it takes a longer time to produce the required concentration of ethanol. It is found that carrying out the dehydration process under vacuum reduces the total dehydration time about 33%. This process involves the use of different types of drying materials (ethylene glycol and calcium oxide).
Journal Article
النشاط المضاد للفطريات لبروبليز نحل العسل APIS MELLIFERA L
Two different propolis samples collected from Minufiya governorate, Egypt were examined for their antifungal activities. The antifungal potentialities were tested against three different contaminated fungi. Three tested fungi are Rhizopus nigricans DMS 1105, Aspergillus flavus DMS 1830 and Penicillium notatum DMS 1250. The analysis of the tested propolis samples by HPLC technique showed wide range of aromatic acids, alphatic acids, alcohol, esters, and phenolic derivatives, for each sample. Results of antifungal potentialities of concentrations of the two different propolis samples lead to remarkable inhibition of fungal mycelial growth, and spores germination as well. Results also reveal that the inhibition percent of the fungal growth was higher when using liquid cultivation medium than that of soil one. This trend was found with the three tested fungi.
Journal Article
الفطريات الطبية = Medical mycology
الفطريات Fung كلمة لاتينية ومفردها فطر Fungus ويسمى بالإنكليزية عش الغراب Mushroom ويسمى بالعربي العامي العرهون الفطر. تضم الفطريات مجموعة كبيرة جدا من الكائنات الحية تتميز بمميزات وحيدة تختلف عن بقية الكائنات الحية الأخرى والتي وضعها وتكر 1969 Wittker في مملكة خاصة هي مملكة الفطريات من بين خمسة مملكات وضعت فيها جميع الكائنات الحية التي توجد على كوكب الأرض التي تختلف في شكلها وسلوكها وتغذيتها وتركيب خلاياها عن كافة الكائنات الحية الأخرى وتمتلك مقومات خاصة تمكنها من القيام بمجوعة واسعة جدا من النشاطات والفعاليات التي تتداخل في كافة مفاصل حياة الإنسان الحياتية.
Book
الفطريات والأمراض الفطرية
يتحدث الكتاب عن الفطريات وأنها في كل مكان من حولنا إلا إن بعضها فقط هو الذي يسبب العدوى بالأمراض الفطرية. تنتشر الأمراض الفطرية في جميع أنحأء العالم وهي من العدوى الشائعة في البشر، حيث تؤثر على أكثر من مليار شخص حول العالم سنويا. يتم تقسيم الفطريات وفقا للأجزاء المصابة إلى العدوى السطحية والعدوى تحت الجلدية والعدوى الجهازية والتي تعد من أكثر الأنواع خطورة. تزداد احتمالية الإصابة بالعدوى الفطرية لدى الأشخاص الذين يعانون من ضعف المناعة.
Book