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Roth's writing excellency is uniquely and evident in the way he metaphorically and self-consciously establishes that connection between himself as a writer and his fictional voice. This paper aims at investigating Philip Roth's use of sexuality as a metaphor in his early fiction. Noticeably, sexuality for Philip Roth is a theme that exposes hidden narratives that work to conceal the conceits of Roth's protagonists. Roth's hidden narratives have many aspects: one of which is to reveal the real meanings of recent European experiences. Another thing is to convey the Jewish experience of fear and racial prejudice in America; even though, he once rejected to be labeled as a Jewish writer. Roth intends to present the inner struggles of his main Jewish characters through a metaphorical fictional presentation of their sexual perversion and debauchery that commonly prove to be acts of vindication against their social milieu. In the grotesque image of a male body entrapping himself in a female breast lurks the hidden desire to attack society by means of ineptness and perversion. In the wandering sexual adventures of an academic professor lies the secret meaning of the lost identity of a diasporic Jew whose sole means of conquering the world is sexual debauchery. The image of a waning sexual prowess is another metaphorical representation of the idea of the Jewish protagonist who is unwilling to admit his failings so he chooses to let others die for the sake of pertaining his false legacy of his Jewish-maleethnic- intellectual superiority.

This article explores the phenomena of racial passing and its relation to class mobility in South African and American literature. The paper compares the American novel The Human Stain by Philip Roth and the South African novel Playing in the Light by Zoe Wicomb. We first discuss how racial passing has been present in American and South African history and literature. We then show the ways in which race is a social construct in both novels. We then argue that the act of passing is not only an escape from oppression and marginalization, but also a desire to belong to 'whiteness' and get access to its privileges. This condition is revelatory of the persistence of racism, racial discrimination and inequality in post-segregation America and post-apartheid South Africa.

This study examines the nature of the pragma stylistic aspects in English and Arabic by adopting two novels;the American one by Philip Roth and the Iraqione by Abdel khaliq Al-Rikabi. It illustrates that there are definite points of equivalenceand variance between the two languages in using pragma stylistic devices. The study discusses the use of the pragma stylistic devices in the two languages. The study ends with some copncluding remarks pointing out some points of similarity and difference between the two languages.

The past decades witnessed a dramatic acceleration in the use of terrorism not only to resolve political disputes but also to give vent to unexplained feelings of anger and violent tendencies. The aim of this paper is to conduct an analysis of the milieu that produced the female terrorist in American Pastoral using a social psychological approach. The paper investigates the dynamics of the terrorist's personality and how it is damaged by the failure to cope with the complications of childhood especially Oedipus Complex. Failure in this critical phase affects the female terrorist in adolescence and youth and leads her to embracing violent action. Ample reference is made to Freud as well as the seminal works of psychologists such as Bruce Bongar, John Horgan and Randy borum who studied the psychology of terrorism and how a terrorist is made. This paper also studies the bodies and physical appearances of selected characters as essentials for the mapping and interpretation of character and experience referring on the works of Shilling and Baudrillard who commented on the body as constitutive of the self as opposed to the disembodied approach of classical sociology. There is no consensus on what type of background provides the likely culture for a possible terrorist. New genres are required to offer novel perspectives on the phenomenon. The \"neuroscience of brutality\" is a nascent discipline that examines the possibility that evil could be a disease especially that brain scans reveal significant discrepancy between normal and violent people's ability to generate feelings of empathy and therefore keep their violent instincts in check. Until similar disciplines are developed to offer a much needed immunity against that fatal malady, averting these attacks, i.e. dealing with the symptoms rather than the disease, has proven more practical than unraveling the complexities of this demoniac mélange.

This paper reevaluates the fundamental status of Coleman Silk in Philip Roth's The Human Stain and Oedipus in Sophocles' Oedipus Rex by testing their characters against Aristotelian tragic hero's elements. In spite of the verifiable comparisons to Oedipus, Coleman is not a neglected figure, but a subverted one that underpins Roth's proposal of \"the different nature\" of inconceivable postmodern American tragedy. In Philip Roth's The Human Stain, the protagonist Coleman Silk is implicitly linked to Sophocles' classical figure Oedipus in Oedipus Rex. The plot is interwoven with allusions to Greek tragedies, but in The Human Stain Coleman lacks the stature and the real character of Oedipus. In addition, Coleman lacks, to some extent, the real elements of a tragic hero that constitute the Catharsis: the process of releasing and providing relief; a conflict which raises the question; is Coleman really a tragic hero? According to Aristotle, the tragic hero should experience a dilemma and a massive transformation from valuable standards to lower depth, and this person should suffer particularly after committing a mistake, or even thinking about his past deeds. The tragic hero should be relatively a commendable person whose comeuppance is brought about by his own fallacies which he did not commit out of defect or wickedness, but out of his own serendipity. Following the ancient Greek concept which asserts that fluke is associated with actions, Coleman is a fortuitous man at first, unlike Oedipus, despite being born as a black man. Because of this unlucky fact, he is capable of changing his identity and rising up to the level of preeminence.

In the Book of Lies by Mary Horlock and Indignation by Philip Roth, the relationship between the process of remembering and the process of self -narration is embodied creatively. As a fellow contemporary writer Julian Barnes points out: 'Memory is identity...You are what you have done; what you have done is in your memory; what you remember defines who you are; when you forget your life you cease to be, even before your death.'(1).This paper will examine the profound impact of memory on the two narrators (protagonists as well); Catherin and Marcus, and how they construct identity in their narrations` process. It will shed light on how both narrators allow their past to illuminate their current lives. Recollecting past memories of school, campus life, parents and friends has a great influence on narrating the two stories. Moreover, referring to historical memories of Korean War and German occupation of Guernsey is a significant factor of defining the (self) for Catherine and Marcus.

استعرض المقال إطلالة على تاريخ الأدب الياباني، متناولاً فيها (رحيل فليب روث عملاق الأدب الأمريكي والإنساني، وشعر الهايكو هاروكي موراكامي، والعصر الفضي\" في الشعر الروسي). وبدء المقال مستعرضاً نافذة على تاريخ الأدب الياباني، وذاكراً فيها أن أوائل الأعمال الأدبية اليابانية كانت غالبا ما تكتب باللغة الصينية، وكانت واقعة تحت تأثير الثقافة الصينية، إلا أن الأدب الياباني، مع مرور الزمن بدأ يكتسب طابعه المميز. ثم انتقل المقال للحديث عن الأدب الحديث \"الهايكو\"، وبيان أن الآداب اليابانية، ومنها قصائد الهايكو، تعود إلى القرن الثامن الميلادي فقط، وهي نصوص متواضعة على المستوى التاريخي بحسب\" جان جاك أوريغا\" صاحب معجم الأدب الياباني لمترجمه حبيب نصر الله الذي يعد القرن السابع عشر مفخرة للروائع الكلاسيكية اليابانية. كما بين المقال أن تاريخ الأدب الياباني يمكن تقسيمه إلى عدة مراحل متمثلة في: المرحلة الأولى: أدب مرحلة ياماتو ونارا وهي المرحلة التي تبدأ من القرن الرابع الميلادي، والمرحلة الثانية: أدب مرحلة هيآن(794،1192م)، والمرحلة الثالثة: أدب مرحلة كاماكورا (1192م-1333م)، والمرحلة الرابعة: أدب عصر موروماتشي (1333م-1603م)، المرحلة الخامسة: أدب عصر إيدو (1603م-1868م). كما أشار المقال إلى الكاتب الياباني \"هاروكي موراكامي\"، وذلك من خلال ذكر نبذة مختصرة عن حياته وأهم أعماله الروائية وإنجازاته في الأدب الياباني. كما ذكر نبذة مختصرة عن الروائي \"فيليب روث\" عملاق الأدب الأمريكي والإنساني، متناولاً فيها حياته، وجوائزه، وأهم أعماله. واختتم المقال متحدثاً عن الجائزة العالمية التي حصل عليها الروائي الراحل نجيب محفوظ، وهي جائزة نوبل في الأدب. كُتب هذا المستخلص من قِبل دار المنظومة 2018