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Background : Low serum levels of vitamin D are supposed to contribute to the incidence of diabetes; therefore, vitamin D supplementation may reduce the incidence of diabetes in individuals with prediabetes. Objectives : The aim of this current study was to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the glycemic status and percentage of body fat mass in adults with prediabetes. Methods : In a 3-month randomized placebo-controlled supplementation trial, 120 eligible subjects were randomly assigned in a vitamin D or placebo group. They were stratified according to the percentage of body fat mass into four blocks to receive 1000 IU/daily vitamin D or an identical placebo tablet respectively, for 3 months. The study was conducted from January to March of 2016 in Urmia in the NorthWest of Iran. Participants were adults aged 18 to 70 with prediabetes. The fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), homeostasismodel assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), serum 25(OH)D levels, and percentage of body fat mass were assessed before and after the intervention. Results : The comparison of changes from baseline between two groups showed a significant inverse association between the changes in serum 25(OH)D and changes in FBS (-4.64 _ 11.38 compared with -2.11 _ 9.15 for placebo; P = 0.03), HOMA-IR (-0.73 _ 4.2 compared with 0.44 _ 4.4 for placebo, P = 0.01) and serum insulin (-1.98 _ 15.25 compared with 2.47 _ 15.85 for placebo; P = 0.007) but not in the percentage of body fat mass (-0.28_0.77 compared with -0.39_2.82 for placebo; P = 0.39). Conclusions : The study demonstrated that 1000 IU vitamin D supplementation for 3 months can decrease the insulin resistance in individuals with prediabetes; however, it has no significant effect on body fat mass percentage. -

متلازمة تكيس المبايض هي اضطراب في عملية التبويض والتمثيل الغذائي والهرمونات وعدم استجابة الجسم لهرمون الأنسولين وهي العلامة الشائعة لهذه المتلازمة، نتيجة لزيادة مستوي هرمون (الأندروجين) (هرمون الذكورة) ووجود مجموعة من التكسيات على المبايض، ومن خلال قراءات الباحثة ومتابعتها للدراسات المرجعية وجدت أنه هناك ضرورة لمعرفة العلاقة بين مؤشر كتلة الجسم ومقاومة الجسم للأنسولين للأنسولين الطبيعي في الجسم المريضات تكيس المبايض مما دفع الباحثة إلى اختيار هذه الدراسة لمعرفة العلاقة بينهم ومدي تأثير الرياضة والنظام الغذائي على فقدان الوزن ومقاومة الأنسولين وبالتالي تحسين عملية الإباضة وقد استخدمت الباحثة المنهج التجريبي بأسلوب القياس القبلي والبعدي لمجموعة تجربيه واحده حيث تم اختيار عينة البحث بطريقة العينة المتاحة من مركز النساء والتوليد بمحافظة المنوفية، وبلغ حجم العينة الأساسية (۲۰) سيدة، وكانت أهم النتائج إلى أن البرنامج أثر إيجابيا على نسبة السكر في الدم وفدان الوزن وبالتالي تحسين عملية الإباضة.

Background : Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease in the western population and expanding disease in the world. Pathological changes in fatty liver are like alcohol liver damage, which can lead to end-stage liver disease. The prevalence of NAFLD in obese or overweight people is higher than general population, and it seems that people with high Body Mass Index (BMI) or abnormality in some laboratory tests are more susceptible for severe fatty liver and high grade of NAFLD in ultrasonography (U.S). Objectives : this study aimed to evaluate the correlation of BMI and laboratory tests with NAFLD in ultrasonography. Materials and Methods : during a multi-step process, we selected two-hundred and thirteen cases from four hundred and eighteen patients with NAFLD. Laboratory tests performed included : ALT, AST, FBS, Triglyceride and cholesterol levels, hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C antibody, ceruloplasmin, serum iron, TIBC, transferrin saturation, ferritin, AMA, ANA, ANTI LKM1, serum protein electrophoresis, TSH, anti TTG (IgA). BMI and ultrasonography for 213 patients were performed, and then data was analyzed. These parameters and grades of ultrasonography were compared with the values obtained using one way ANOVA. An ordinal logistic regression model was used to estimate the probability of ultrasonography grade. The Statistical Package for the Social Science program (SPSS, version 16.0) was used for data analysis. Results : Two-hundred and thirteen cases including 140 male and 73 female, were studied. In general, 72.3 % of patients were overweight and obese. Post-hoc tests showed that only BMI (P < 0.001) and TG (P < 0.011) among variables had statistically significant associations with ultrasonography grade (USG), and ordinal logistic regression model showed that BMI and AST were the best predictors. Discussion : our results suggest that in patients with NAFLD, BMI and TG are most effective factors in severity of fatty liver disease and ultrasonography grade (USG). On the other hand, BMI as a predictor can be helpful. But, AST has not been a reliable finding, because it changes in many conditions.

In competing risks data, when a person experiences more than one event in the study, usually the probability of experiencing the event of interest is altered. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the competing risk data. Objectives: The current study aimed at analyzing the colorectal cancer (CRC) risk factors based on competing risks model. The loglogistic model was also fitted with 2-parameter to evaluate the prognostic factors that affect the survival of patients with CRC, and comparisons were made to find the best model. Methods: The current retrospective study was conducted on 1054 patients with CRC registered in the Research Institute of gastroenterology and liver disease center (from 2004 to 2015), Taleghani hospital, Tehran, Iran. The demographic and clinical features including age at diagnosis, gender, family history of CRC, body mass index (BMI), tumor size, and tumor site were extracted from the hospital documents. Analysis was performed using competing risks model and was based on the 4-parameter log-logistic distribution and log-logistic distribution. The analysis was carried out using R software version 3.0.3. P value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Overall, 1054 patients with CRC and complete data were included in the analysis. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of survival time was 92 ± 6.62 months. Out of the 1054 patients, 379 (36%) subjects died of CRC and 49 (4.6%) subjects died of other causes such as myocardial infarction, stomach cancer, liver cancer, etc. Four-parameter log-logistic model and log-logistic model with competing risk analysis indicated age at diagnosis and BMI as the prognosis. Conclusions: The current study indicated age and BMI as prognosis of CRC, using a 4-parameter log-logistic model with competing risk analysis. Although the odds ratio (OR) in 4-parameter log-logistic model and log-logistic model ones were approximately similar, according to Akaike information criterion, the 4-parameter log-logistic model was more appropriate for survival analysis.

Sociode mographic factors are important determinants of weight disorders. National representative studies provide a view on this health problem at national and regional levels. Objectives : This study aimed to assess the distribution of growth disorders in terms of body mass index (BMI) and height in 6-year-old Iranian children using geographical information system (GIS). Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional nationwide survey, all Iranian children entering public and private elementary schools were examined in a mandatory national screening program in 2009. Descriptive analysis was used to calculate the prevalence of underweight, overweight, obesity, and short stature. Then, ArcGIS software was used to draw the figures. Results : The study population consisted of 955388 children (48.5 % girls and 76.5 % urban). Overall, 20 % of children were underweight, and 14.3 % had high BMI, consisted of 10.9% overweight and 3.4% obese. The corresponding figure for short stature was 6.6%; however, these growth disorders were not equally distributed across various provinces. Conclusions : Our results confirmed unequal distribution of BMI and height of 6-year-old children in Iran generally and in most of its provinces particularly. The differences among provinces cannot be fully explained by the socioeconomic pattern. These findings necessitate a comprehensive national policy with provincial evidence-based programs

ملخص البحث باللغة العربية برنامج هوائي لتحسين مستوي هرمون البرولاكتين لدي البدينات مقدمة ومشكلة البحث: تعد السمنة مرضا عالميا تعاني منه شعوب الارض وهي أخطر الظواهر المرتبطة بنمط الحياة الحديثة وعصر السرعة والاطعمة الجاهزة والافراط في الاكل واهمال الرياضة، ومن خلال قراءات الباحثة ومتابعتها للدراسات المرجعية وجدت أنه هناك ضرورة لمعرفة دور هرمون والبرولاكتين في التأثير علي السمنة وهذا ما دفع الباحثة إلى اختيار هرمون وهو البرولاكتين الذي يؤدى حدوث خلل فيه الى الإصابة بالعديد من الأمراض والتي من أهمها الاصابة بمرض السمنة، ومن هذا المنطلق رأت الباحثة ضرورة القيام بهذه الدراسة للتعرف على دور هرمون البرولاكتين في تحسين السمنة لدي السيدات عن طريق برنامج هوائي مقترح، ويهدف هذا البحث إلى تصميم برنامج هوائي مقترح لتحسين مستوي هرمون البرولاكتين لدي السيدات البدينات، وقد استخدمت الباحثة المنهج التجريبي بأسلوب القياس القبلي والبعدي لمجموعة تجربيه واحده حيث تم اختيار عينة البحث بالطريقة العشوائية العمدية من استاد بنها الرياضي بمحافظة القليوبية ، وبلغ حجم العينة الأساسية (١١) سيدة، وكانت أهم النتائج إلى أن البرنامج أثر إيجابيا على مستوي هرمون البرولاكتين لدي السيدات البدينات وهو ما أدى إلى انخفاض مؤشر كتلة الجسم لدي السيدات البدينات عينة البحث.

This study aimed to assess the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the relationship between pericardial fat volume (PFV), aortic root calcification (ARC) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) among patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: This cross-sectional study took place between January and December 2014 at the Kufa University Teaching Hospital, Najaf, Iraq. A total of 130 consecutive patients with an intermediate pretest probability of ischaemic heart disease who underwent 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (CT) angiography during the study period were recruited. Of these, 111 were included in the study and divided into groups according to BMI. Imaging markers were measured on CT angiography. Results: A total of 28 patients were obese, while 42 and 41 were overweight and normal weight, respectively. The median PFV, CAC and ARC was 109 cm3 (interquartile range [IQR]: 52–176 cm3), 0 Agatston score (IQR: 0–52 Agatston score) and 0 Agatston score (IQR: 0–15 Agatston score), respectively, in the normal weight group in comparison to 79 cm3 (IQR: 43–138 cm3), 0 Agatston score (IQR: 0–54 Agatston score) and 0 Agatston score (IQR: 0–0 Agatston score), respectively, in the obese group. Significant correlations were observed between PFV and CAC (r2 = 0.22; P = 0.002) and ARC and CAC (r2 = 0.37; P <0.001) in the normal weight group. However, no significant correlations were observed for obese and overweight patients. Conclusion: These findings indicate that BMI may not be an accurate tool for measuring adiposity or assessing subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in patients with suspected CAD.

Background : Obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide with negative effects on women’s health, psychosocial factors and quality of life. female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is a major public health problem that is worrying for many women physically, emotionally and socially. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of body weight with FSD and sexual satisfaction, in Ilam, western Iran, In 2010 To 2011. Patients And Methods : This was a case-control study on 120 women aged 18-50 years [64 With FSD (case), 64 without FSD (control)] married, from Ilam-IR, who were interviewed as per the iranian version of female sexual function index (FSFI). Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were recorded by researchers. The subjects were randomly selected from primary health centers. Results : FSFI score was significantly lower in overweight women (P < 0.05). FSFI strongly correlated with body mass index (BMI) (R = -0.68, P < 0.001) and waist-to-hip ratio (R = -0.29, P < 0.05) in women with FSD. Of sexual function parameters, there was a strong and inverse correlation between bmi and arousal (R = -0.71, P < 0.001), lubrication (R = -0.61, P < 0.001), orgasm (R = -0.52, P < 0.001) and satisfaction (R = -0.54, P < 0.001), while pain (R = -0.12, P > 0.05) and desire (R = -0.17, P > 0.05) did not correlate with BMI. There was an association between BMI and extreme satisfaction (R = -0.28, P < 0.05). Extreme physical pleasure (R = -0.19, P > 0.05) and extreme emotional satisfaction (R = -0.16, P > 0.05) were not correlated with BMI. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity negative affect sexuality in women with sexual dysfunction. a systematic evaluation of sexual function to disclose a cause and effect relationship between obesity and fsd is suggested.

Obesity in childhood or adolescence could affect quality of life (QOL). There is little existing information about the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of obese children and adolescents. To assess HRQOL and psychiatric co-morbidities in obese children and adolescents; and their relationship to body mass index (BMI). Fifty obese children and adolescents were compared to 50 healthy age-, sex- and pubertal stage-matched non obese children and adolescents serving as controls. They were assessed by child self-report and parent proxy report using a pediatric HRQOL inventory scale, also, Children Anxiety Scale and Children Depression Inventory (CDI) were assessed. Obese children had total HRQOL score: 69.1±8.4 versus 81.1±7.8 respectively, p<0.001 and their parents had total score: 62.9±9.5 versus 74.9±7.2 respectively, p<0.001. Obese children reported lower health-related QOL scores in all domains than controls. BMI standard deviation score (SDS) correlated negatively with total score and all domains in child self report and parent proxy report. Anxiety (mild: 8%, moderate: 38%, severe: 54%) and depression (mild: 18%, moderate: 24%, severe: 58%) were pre-existing or diagnosed in all obese children with significant positive correlations between BMISDS and each of anxiety (r=0.81, p<0.01) and CDI scores (r=0.78, p=0.01). BMI (OR: 5.72, 95%CI: 2.57–5.9) and waist circumference (OR:2.27, 95%CI:1.99–5.31) SDSs were independent risk factors affecting the total QOL score. Obese children and adolescents have lower health-related QOL that correlated negatively with BMI, also they are more susceptible to anxiety and depression symptoms than non obese children.

Neural tube defects (NTDs) including spina bifida and anencephaly are the second most common birth defects with 2.8 per 1000 births in northern Iran. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the risk factors of neural tube defects in Gorgan, north of Iran. Patients and Methods: This hospital-based, case-control study was carried out on all NTD-affected pregnancies (n = 59) during February 2007 - August 2010, and 160 healthy pregnancies were selected via convenient sampling method in three hospitals in Gorgan, north of Iran. Risk factors including maternal body mass index (BMI), season of birth, gender of the newborn, mother’s age, ethnicity, consanguineous marriage, folic acid consumption, nutrition, habitat, and education, were assessed through interviews with mothers. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the risks by odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals. Results: The multivariate analysis showed that maternal BMI (normal / underweight OR: 0.23, overweight / underweight OR: 0.15, obese / underweight OR : 0.13) and maternal ethnicity (Fars / Sistani OR : 3.49) and maternal nutrition (good / poor OR: 0.46) were significantly correlated with NTDs in the newborns. Conclusions : This study showed that maternal ethnicity, insufficient nutrition, and BMI, were the main risk factors of NTDs in northern