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The current study was designed to isolate and identify of forty-three samples were collected from Mosallata Central Hospital, which included different samples. Including urine, ear, sputum, and nose and wound swabs. The resistance strains increased the challenge in treating the infections caused by S. aureus, which are resistant to antibiotics. The present work aims to Isolate and identifying of S. aureus and detects its resistance and sensitive to common use antibiotics. While the number of isolates from the hospital environmental was five isolates, at a rate of (20.8%), followed by nasal samples, with four isolates with a rate of (16.6%). After that, the wound sample by three isolates at a rate of (12.5%), and at least the ear samples, by two isolates at a rate of (8.3%). Susceptibility test was determined for 43 isolates of S. aureus against 06 different antibiotics penicillin G (10 units), gentamicin (10μg), vancomycin (30μg), cefoxitin (30μg), ampicillin (10μg) and methicillin (5μg), using the disk diffusion method using the Müeller-Hinton agar medium. The growth inhibition zone was measured in millimeters using an accurate ruler in order to read the results and compared to the standard table of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute. The efficacy of antibiotics against S. aureus which was as follow was 23.2% in penicillin, 13.9% in methicillin, 9.3% in vancomycin, 6.9% in ampicillin, 4.6 in cefoxitin, 2.3% in gentamicin. In the conflicting of that, the other isolates of S. aureus which were resistant to antibiotics appears efficacy against antibiotics as follow was 16.2% in penicillin, 6.9% in both methicillin and vancomycin, 4.6% in both ampicillin and cefoxitin, but no resistant appear against gentamicin.

Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) treatment is on the rise, and is affecting the efficacy of current used therapeutic regimens. We aimed to enhance the understanding of antimicrobial resistance rates of H. pylori strains recovered from patients at Theodor Bilharz Research Institute Hospital in Egypt, as a mandatory step before starting treatment. Mutant genes conferring metronidazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and tetracycline resistance were detected in 60 H. pylori strains recovered from patients who underwent upper endoscopic examination. Patients were considered to be infected with H. pylori when rapid urease test and detection of 16S rRNA in gastric biopsies recorded positive. Molecular detection of resistant genes to metronidazole (rdx gene) and amoxicillin (pbp1A gene) was carried out by conventional PCR followed by sequencing of PCR products. While detection of 23S rRNA gene conferring clarithromycin resistance and detection of 16S rRNA mutation gene conferring tetracycline resistance were carried out by real-time PCR. H. pylori resistance rates to metronidazole, and amoxicillin were 25% and 18.3% respectively. While for clarithromycin and tetracycline, point mutations in 23S rRNA types A2142G and A2143G and in 16S rRNA of H. pylori were assessed by real time PCR assay respectively. Resistance mutant genes were found to be 6.7% of clarithromycin and 1.7% of tetracycline. Combined resistance rates to metronidazole and amoxicillin was (11.6%) followed by metronidazole and clarithromycin (5%), while patterns of clarithromycin and amoxicillin (1.6%), metronidazole, clarithromycin and amoxicillin (1.6%) were revealed. Data concerning antimicrobial resistance genes play an important role in empiric treatment of H. pylori infection. According to our results, H. pylori resistance to metronidazole and amoxicillin was relatively high. Clarithromycin is still a good option for first line anti-H. pylori treatment. Combined resistant strains are emerging and may have an effect on the combination therapy.