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Compared with wheeled mobile robots, legged robots can easily step over obstacles and walk through rugged ground. They have more flexible bodies and therefore, can deal with complex environment. Nevertheless, some other issues make the locomotion control of legged robots a much complicated task, such as the redundant degree of freedoms and balance keeping. From literatures, locomotion control has been solved mainly based on programming mechanism. To use this method, walking trajectories for each leg and the gaits have to be designed, and the adaptability to an unknown environment cannot be guaranteed. From another aspect, studying and simulating animals’ walking mechanism for engineering application is an efficient way to break the bottleneck of locomotion control for legged robots. This has attracted more and more attentions. Inspired by central pattern generator (CPG), a control method has been proved to be a successful attempt within this scope. In this paper, we will review the biological mechanism, the existence evidences, and the network properties of CPG. From the engineering perspective, we will introduce the engineering simulation of CPG, the property analysis, and the research progress of CPG inspired control method in locomotion control of legged robots. Then, in our research, we will further discuss on existing problems, hot issues, and future research directions in this field.

This paper examines the effects of ownership types on firms＇ R＆D intensity and innovation performance, using a sample of 357,857 Chinese firms from 2005-2007. This study finds considerable divergence among Chinese domestic enterprises in terms of R＆D intensity and innovation performance. Firms owned by the central government are the key drivers for firms＇ R＆D activities, while local government, private and foreign ownerships are negatively related to both R＆D intensity and innovation performance. Significant divergence within government ownership category and argues that China＇s institutional changes generate varied government ownership groups with different levels of resource endowment, which in turn influence firms＇ R＆D activities.

To tackle the issues concerning agriculture,farmers,and rural areas,the central government of China initiated a new strategy called ＇new countryside construction＇ in 2005.For better understanding its actual effect,this paper analyzes the regional diversity of peasant household response to this new countryside construction strategy based on Kruskal-Wallis H test and sampling survey data from 586 households in the Bohai Rim Region （BRR）,Yangtze River Delta Region （YDR）,and Pan Pearl River Delta Region （PPR）.The result indicates that regional diversity in eastern coastal China （ECC） does exist in the form of recognized priority sequence,policy requirements,expected policy effects,and behavior response.As a result of the deviation between local policy practice and households＇ inherent demand,peasants fulfill their de facto demand via individual effort instead of government aid,and therefore the new countryside construction fails to carry out the expected target.It thus needs to shift the current policy priority,ensure the peasants＇ mainstay role,and formulate scientific ＇Rules for new countryside construction＇.

Life Science at Tsinghua University has a long and eventful history. The Biology Department, founded in 1926, was among the oldest and most prestigious in China. In 1952, the Biology Department, together with other natural science departments, were eliminated from the University by order of the central government. In 1984, the Department of Bio- logical Science and Biotechnology was re-established, with Professor Poo Mu-ming being the founding Director. In the ensuing 25 years, the Department went through rapid trans- formations and gained national and international recognition. In September 2009, the Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology was replaced by the School of Life Sci- ences

According to the disease control and prevention data of China, hepatitis B vaccinations have caused 188 coinci-dence deaths of newborns totally from 2000 to 2013. No problems have been found with the vaccines. Besides in-spection of the manufacturers, all vaccines are launched to the market after inspection of the central government of China. Similar events happened also in other vaccines. The recent deaths related to hepatitis B vaccination have been proved to be coincidence. The hepatitis B virus vaccine used is originally jointly developed by the Chinese govern-ment and the US government. Its safety has been proved by the inoculation of one billion people around the globe.

As the next chapter of China＇s economic development is unveiled, a new philosophy of economic policy-making is gaining prominence. Barring situations of extreme need, China＇s central government will no longer resort to strong stimulus packages to stimulate the economy, but allow the market to play the decisive role in resource allocation and seek to remove preferential treatment by eliminating regional barriers and developing a unified open market with fair comoetition.

The haze has become the necessary thing to talk about everywhere for the Chinese people nowadays and the main report object in the news. It becomes increasingly urgent to develop the circular economy and build a beautiful China. But there exists secretly a game between the central and local governments when the air protection is enforced. The central government calls for implementing the total control system of the key pollutant emission,but the local governments are blandly ignoring the central government＇s requirement as they have to face the pressures of the assessment and performance. And the games among the local governments at the same level and between the governments and enterprises lead that the existing incentive policy through the legislation is inefficiency in China. The amendment about Environmental Law has laid foundation of the legal system for it.

The philosophy of binary purpose in conjunction with a holistic approach reflects sustainable development. These ideas are in accordance with Chinese traditional philosophy and culture, as well as the contemporary economic and social development. It calls for the central government＇s support to achieve sustainable development at the initial stage. However, in the long run, this approach has drawbacks which are concealed. Thus, prompt adjustment is needed. In the relationship between the systems of sustainable development and democracy, human rights, sovereign equality of states, and sustainable development are approbated by the Chinese law system. The bottleneck of sustainable development is linked to its ideological system, Integration is related to the bottleneck of binary purposes, good governance, public participation, and human rights. The government-oriented mechanism has a time element that is related to the bottleneck of utilitarianism and basic economic law. For China＇s sustainable development, breaking the bottleneck to improve the system and seizing the opportunity to make innovations are of great significance. The focal points now for China are the perfection of legislation, supervision to government, encouraging public participation and empowering them with legal rights. Chinese government is taking green economy as a new action of implementing sustainable development. It stems from both domestic and international pressures which deepen the economic reform required to switch the economic development mode. These pressures are bringing new opportunities and vigor to China＇s sustainable development.

The Central Government recently released a package of policies on the development of rural areas, charting the course for the country＇s rural vitalization strategy. This article, compiled from reports by Xinhua News Agency, takes a closer look at these initiatives.