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In this paper, we compared the concept of agricultural drought and its relationship with other types of droughts and reviewed the progress of research on agricultural drought monitoring indices on the basis of station data and remote sensing. Applicability and limitations of different drought monitoring indices were also compared. Meanwhile, development history and the latest progress in agricultural drought monitoring were evaluated through statistics and document comparison, suggesting a transformation in agricultural drought monitoring from traditional single meteorological monitoring indices to meteorology and remote sensing-integrated monitoring indices. Finally, an analysis of current challenges in ag- ricultural drought monitoring revealed future research prospects for agricultural drought monitoring, such as investigating the mechanism underlying agricultural drought, identifying factors that influence agricultural drought, developing multi-spatiotemporal scales models for agricultural drought monitoring, coupling qualitative and quantitative agricultural drought evaluation models, and improving the application levels of remote sensing data in agricultural drought monitoring.

Urbanization in China has expanded at an unprecedented speed since the declaration of ＂Reform and Open Policy＂ and presented many challenges. Unbalanced regional development, appearance of super megacities and concomitant problems, and conflicts between urbanization and cultivated land protection are three critical problems that Chinese urbanization has to face. To develop new plans for foreseeable future urbanization in China, it is critical to understand the evolving history of cities across China. This study maps urban expansion of 60 typical Chinese cities based on large amount of remote sensing data and the labor-intensive image interpretation method, in order to understand the history of urban expansion from the 1970s to 2013. Results showed that area of cities expanded 5.23 times compared to their area in the 1970s. Urban expansion in China accelerated three times （1988-1996, 1999-2006, and 2009-2011） and decelerated three times （1997-1998, 2007-2008, and 2012-2013） over the 40 years. The urban area of South China expanded most significantly 9.42 times, while the urban area in Northeast China expanded only 2.37 times. The disparity among different administrative ranks of cities was even greater than （3.81 times） the differences among different regions. Super megacities have been continuously expanding at a fast rate （8.60-fold）, and have not shown obvious signs of slowing down. The proportion of cultivated land among the land sources for urban expansion decreased to a small extent in the 1990s, but cultivated land continues to be the major land source for urban expansion. Effective future urbanization needs controlling the expansion scale of large cities and reasonably developing medium and small cities, as well as balancing regional development.

Obstructive azoospermia secondary to epididymal obstruction can be corrected by microsurgical reconstruction with vasoepididymostomy （VE）. Although alternative management such as epididymal or testicular sperm aspiration in conjunction with intracytoplasmic sperm injection is feasible, various studies have established the superior cost-effectiveness of VE as a treatment of choice. Microsurgical VE is considered one of the most technically challenging microsurgeries. Its success rate is highly dependent on the skills and experience of the surgeons. Various techniques have been described in the literature for VE. We have pioneered a technique known as longitudinal intussusception VE （LIVE） in which the epididymal tubule is opened longitudinally to obtain a larger opening to allow its tubular content to pass through the anastomosis. Our preliminary data demonstrated a patency rate of over 90%. This technique has been widely referenced in the recent literature including robotic-assisted microsurgery. The history of the development of different VE approaches, the oreoDerative evaluation along with the techniaues of various VE will be described in this article.

The theory, methodologies, and case studies in the field of industrial symbiosis have been developing for nearly 30 years. In this paper, we trace the development history of industrial symbiosis, and review its current theoretical and methodological bases, as well as trends in current research. Based on the research gaps that we identify, we provide suggestions to guide the future development of this approach to permit more comprehensive analyses. Our theoretical review includes key definitions, a classification system, and a description of the formation and development mechanisms. We discuss methodological studies from the perspective of individual industrial metabolic processes and network analysis. Analyzing specific metabolic processes can help to characterize the exchanges of materials and energy, and to reveal the ecological performance and economic benefits of the symbiosis. Network analysis methods are increasingly being used to analyze both the structural and functional characteristics of a system. Our suggestions for future research focus on three aspects: how to quantitatively classify industrial symbiosis systems, monitor the dynamics of a developing industrial symbiosis system, and analyze its internal attributes more deeply.

Under the background of setting up a complete system of ecosystem civilization and ecosystem assessment indicators, which were put forward by the party central committee, ecosystem service assessment has become a research hotspot of ecological economics, and played an important role in the ecosystem civilization construction process. On the basis of overviews of the connotations and development histories of ecosystem service and ecological civilization, we analyzed the role of ecosystem service assessment in the ecological civilization construction process from ecological sustainability, human welfare and poverty reduction, which would provide a reference for further research.

In order to explore the train of thought for China's urbanizing development and coordinated rural eco-nomic development, and to find good ways of solving rural problems through urbanization, this paper absorbs the push-and-pull forces theory and the systematic dynamic theory in the traditional population migration theories, views urbanization as a dynamic system, makes research on the push-and-pull mechanism of urbanization. The pulling power of urbanization is analyzed according to two aspects, the agglomeration effect and the radiation effect of cities. The agglomeration effect provides continuous propelling force for urbanization, and the radiation effect further accelerates the urbanization process by pushing forward the development of rural economy. Of course, the slow de-velopment of urbanization can result in the hindrance to rural economic development.

通过对动物标本和动物标本制作的定义，指出了两者的区别。阐述了动物标本制作的基本方法，追述了我国动物标本制作的发展史和我国动物标本的发展现状。指出了当下国内外动物标本制作的发展趋势和新技术在动物标本制作领域的应用情况，为国内动物标本制作领域的发展指明了方向。

动物保护法；动物福利；台湾

After Grade 1-9 Curriculum been practiced for some years, a variety of curriculum reform programs have continuous been raised, especial in curriculum reform of twelve-year basic education. However, most curriculum workers treated the reform from a perspective of administration management. They focused on the technical aspects of curriculum reform, and believed that a bright future of curriculum is coming afterwards. Therefore, they usually ignore the political, social and cultural implication of curriculum reform. To avoid repeating the past limit, this study viewed school knowledge as a concept system, and explored \"the changing and unchanging problems\" existing in the period of the post Grade 1-9 Curriculum from the perspective of cultural history. This study is divided into five parts: 1. Analyzing the significance of curriculum reform from the perspective cultural history. 2. Exploring the trend of the school curriculum development in the period of the post Grade 1-9 Curriculum. 3. Examining the changing

在過去30年，教師專業發展歷經了典範轉變，從單向接受知識技能到情境學習（situated learning），此變化使教師專業發展日益重視情境脈絡因素的影響。儘管近年來對個人因素及學校情境之影響持續受到重視，針對跨境教師專業成長的研究仍相對稀少。有鑑於我國長期參與提升馬來西亞華文中學的教師專業發展，本研究以歷史文化活動理論為視角，深入分析臺馬跨境教師專業發展系統的矛盾與轉化，以瞭解教師專業發展的需求及背後原因。本研究以個別晤談、焦點座談與文件分析等方法蒐集資料。結果顯示，跨境教師專業發展在推動過程中面臨多層次的矛盾，包括：第一級矛盾存在於系統的規則和分工中，例如培訓參與的限制與責任負擔等問題；第二級矛盾體現在系統內部的元素之間，例如分工與目標的矛盾，涉及教師與行政單位的目標及需求缺乏一致性；第三級矛盾來自於教師在新、舊系統轉換過程中的壓力，特別是現行考試導向與創新教學之間難以兼容；第四級矛盾發生在核心系統與臺灣教育系統、馬來西亞獨中系統之間。儘管面對這些矛盾，部分學校和教師仍有轉化之行動，力促專業發展實施。本研究之分析結果說明了跨境教師專業發展的複雜性及多層次合作對問題解決的必要性，可供跨國教師專業發展教育政策與實踐參考。