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针对中国中小型高校图书馆学科服务中出现的人才储备不足、服务水平偏低等问题,以山西大学图书馆开展学科服务的实践为例,从学科服务策略的制定、学科服务的模式确立与团队组建、构建学科服务体系、宣传推广学科服务,为普通高校图书馆开展学科服务提供了对策和建议。

在新技术环境的冲击下,高校图书馆面临着一场巨大的变革。以浙江传媒学院图书馆作为实践案例,从技术、政治、文化、情感的不同视角分析了图书馆变革的特征,探索一些改进和完善图书馆变革的策略。

The Briefcase series is designed specifically with the time-pressed student in mind. It provides concise case summaries within each subject area of an undergraduate law degree, accompanied by relevant legislation. A handy reference tool, the book assists the reader to commit the content of each subject to memory. This title covers the four main areas of company law: the constitution, formation and personality of a company; corporate governance; corporate finance; and insolvency and company charges. The second edition has been updated to include recent important cases, including the House of Lords decision in Johnson v Gore Wood - (minority shareholder action) Phillips v Brewin Dolphin Bell Lawrie Ltd - (transactions at an undervalue) O'Neill v Phillips - (unfair prejudicial conduct) Williams v Natural Life Health Foods Ltd - (liability in negligence) the Privy Council decision in Agnew v Commissioner of Inland Revenue - (company charges).

The monetary valuation of ecosystem services is gaining traction in policy and business communities. Several tools and decision-making processes have been proposed, including criteria to assess the appropriateness of using monetary valuation for biodiversity conservation outcomes. These criteria include measures such as scale, uniqueness, and threat. We used case studies of monetization projects for which the outcomes were measured to explore the limitations and application of these criteria. There was limited evidence of the effectiveness of such schemes. The majority of the schemes were established in areas where the criteria specifically excluded their use in isolation. Thus, although some aspects of monetization may be beneficialfor biodiversity conservation, these schemes were not being used appropriately and require some quantitative minimum (or maximum) measurements to be applied through additional policy or governance measures to ensure biodiversity conservation outcomes. La tasación monetaria de los servicios ambientales está ganando tracción dentro de las comunidades políticas y de negocios. Se han propuesto varias herramientas y procesos de toma de decisiones, incluyendo criterios para evaluar la pertinencia del uso de las tasaciones monetarias para los resultados de la conservación de la biodiversidad. Estos criterios incorporan medidas como la escala, la naturaleza única, y la amenaza. Utilizamos estudios de caso de proyectos de monetización en los cuales los resultados fueron medidos para explorar las limitaciones y la aplicación de dichos criterios. La evidencia de la efectividad de dichos esquemas fue limitada. La mayoría de los esquemas estuvieron establecidos en áreas en las que el criterio excluía específicamente su uso en aislamiento. Por esto, aunque algunos aspectos de la monetización pueden ser benéficos para la conservación de la biodiversidad, estos esquemas no se usaban correctamente y requieren de medidas cuantitativas mínimas (o máximas) que se apliquen en medidas adicionales de política o de govemanza para asegurar los resultados de la conservación de la biodiversidad. 生态系统服务的货币化评估正逐渐受到决策部门和商业团体的关注。目前已提出了一些量化的工具和量 化过程的决策标准，包括对生物多祥性保护成果进行货币化估算的适宜性的判断标准，还包括用于估算生物多祥 性的规模、独特性和受威胁程度的标准等。在此’ 我们以ー些货币化估算生物多祥性保护成果的项目为案例，探 讨这些标准的局限性和适宜性，结果显示并没有足够的证据证实这些评估方案的有效性。因为，在大多数研究案 例所位于的区域，这些标准是不能被孤立地应用。因此, 尽管货币化的某些方面可能有利于生物多祥性保护,但 这些方案往往没有被恰当地使用，需要通过额外的政策或管理措施，使一些量化的阈值被应用于评估过程，来保 证生物多祥性保护成果评估的有效性。

Background: From 1949 to 1990, about 500,000 children and adolescents in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) were placed in institutional care. Many of these individuals experienced physical and sexual abuse as well as general maltreatment. While this population group is in great need of psychosocial support, few low-threshold interventions aimed at the needs of adult survivors of institutional childhood abuse exist. Objective: This pilot study examines the efficacy of an internet-based imagery rescripting intervention in reducing psychopathological symptoms, within a population of survivors of institutional abuse from state childcare institutions, in the former GDR. Additionally, a case study is presented, depicting the treatment of a woman suffering from PTSD after having been institutionalised in the former GDR. Method: Participants received 10 internet-based writing assignments, based on the principles of imagery rescripting, specifically tailored to the needs of survivors of institutional childhood abuse in the GDR. The participants received personalised feedback on their assignments. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), complex posttraumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), depression, and anxiety were assessed at pre- and post-treatment. Results: A total of 15 participants completed the intervention (mean age 56.2 years; 66.7% female). Paired t-tests showed a significant reduction of PTSD, CPTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Large effect sizes were found for PTSD (d = 1.26), CPTSD (d = .97), depression (d = 1.08) and anxiety (d = 1.20). Conclusion: The results of this pilot study provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy and feasibility of the intervention in treating psychopathological symptoms in survivors of institutional abuse in the GDR. The case study additionally demonstrates the applicability of the intervention. A randomised controlled trial should be applied to further evaluate the intervention and its effects. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register identifier: DRKS00020266. . Based on the principles of imagery rescripting, this pilot study investigates a newly developed internet-based writing intervention for adult survivors of GDR childcare institutions. Self-reported symptoms of PTSD, CPTSD, depression, and anxiety were significantly reduced at post-treatment. Although further research is needed, the writing intervention seems to be a promising intervention for survivors of institutional abuse in the GDR, suffering from PTSD and other psychopathological symptoms.