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利用Canberra、Matsushiro、Membach和Metsahovi4个台站2008年5月的超导重力数据对汶川8．0级大地震激发的球型地球自由振荡进行了研究。结果表明，0S0～0S0全部基频振型以及1S4、2S4和3S13个谐频振型与PREM模型的误差在0．02％o～1．93，且所有振型的信噪比均大于阈值3，表明本文的计算方法是有效的，计算结果是可信的；0S2、0S3和0S4存在谱线分裂现象，其谱线分裂率R为1.09340、0.67430和1.07100，验证了地球自转和椭率是引起0S2、0S3和0S4谱线分裂的主要原因。

为了解2008年汶川地震破裂分段特征及滑移，采用弹性位错模型和模拟退火算法，数值模拟汶川震区密集的GPS同震形变。结果表明，GPS同震形变场至少需要用铲状的位于映秀一北川之间的五个断裂加上灌县一江油断裂来模拟。该模型对GPS数据的符合程度与汶川地震滑动分布模型相当，基本反映了汶川地震破裂特征。映秀一北川断裂总长255～294km。南段以逆冲为主，分上下两层，最深达30km。中段右旋走滑和逆冲都很大，而北段以右旋走滑为主。映秀段地震周期最短为3000a。破裂上层深度14km可能是龙门山中央断裂的闭锁深度。汶川地震可能源于相邻块体的相对运动和挤压、深部滑脱或浅部闭锁，在薄弱构造处首先爆发地震。

P315.75; 青藏高原北部地区是中国西部主要地震区,自1700年以来,该区M≥7强震具有显著的有序性,其主要有序值为106～107 a、77～78 a、53～54 a、26～27 a、10～11 a与3～4 a等.以翁文波信息预测理论为指导,将有序性分析与复杂网络技术相结合,努力探索具有中国特色自主创新的强震中长期预测方法,构建了青藏高原北部地区M≥7强震信息有序网络结构.在总结该区21世纪以来3次大震(2001年昆仑山8.1级大震、2008年汶川8.0级大震和2010年玉树7.3级强震)预测研究的基础上,根据所建强震有序网络结构提出新的预测意见:2014-2015年、2026-2027年和2030年前后该区仍有可能发生M≥7强震.研究结果表明此方法对于强震的中长期预测具有独特的效果.

P315.75; 中国是一个多地震的国家,1303—2011年的700多年间,中国大陆共发生M≥8大震23次,呈现出显著的自组织有序性,其主要有序值为252~258a,108~112a,94~98a,44~47a,24~25a,16~19a和11~14a.以翁文波信息预测理论为指导,将有序性分析与复杂网络技术相结合,努力探索具有中国特色自主创新的大震中长期预测方法,构建了中国大陆8级大震信息有序网络结构.在总结21世纪初中国大陆西部所发生的2次8级大震(2001年昆仑山8.1级大震、2008年汶川8.0级大震)预测研究的基础上,根据所建网络结构对中国大陆未来8级大震提出中长期预测意见:2022、2026、2045、2065年前后仍有可能发生M≥8大震.研究结果表明,大震是可以预测的,大震形成的机制具有网络特性.有序网络方法是大震中长期跨越式预测的有效方法.

背景　汶川大地震，不僅造成了巨大的人員傷亡和經濟損失，而且給倖存者帶來了創傷性的心理打擊，尤其遇難者的親屬遭受的打擊更大。地震後，喪親者除了需要物質幫助外，還需要家庭和精神重建。目的　瞭解汶川地震一年後重災區喪親者憂鬱和家庭功能的現狀，並探討其憂鬱與家庭功能的相關性，為喪親家庭心理重建提供依據。方法　採用橫斷面調查法，運用家庭功能評估表和漢密爾頓憂鬱量表於汶川地震一年後對重災區的264名喪親者進行調查。結果　喪親者家庭功能總分平均為6.52 ± 2.65分，50%的喪親者家庭功能良好。喪親者的家庭功能在婚姻狀況、家庭結構及生育狀況等變項不同組別間具有顯著差異。喪親者憂鬱均分為40.41 ± 9.35分，本研究樣本均有不同程度的憂鬱症狀。得分最高的五項表現分別為：憂鬱情緒、工作興趣下降、精神性焦慮、能力減退以及激動（agitation）行為。喪親者的憂鬱症狀在婚姻、休閒娛樂頻率、震後經濟狀況和再生育狀態等變項不同組別間具有顯著差異。喪親者的家庭功能與憂鬱情緒兩變項間不具顯著之相關性。結論　汶川地震喪親者家庭功能受到不同程度損害，憂鬱症狀是喪親者普遍存在的心理問題，喪親者家庭功能與憂鬱之間的相關性未具顯著意義。本研究建議宜針對有顯著憂鬱症狀之喪親者，提供介入措施，以協助改善和提高家庭功能的有效因應技巧，從而，有效地降低個體不良心理和情緒反應，促進個體身心健康。

In this article, firstly, we calculated and analyzed the patterns of Coulomb stress changes induced by a sequence of strong earthquakes that occurred in Songpan （松藩）, Sichuan （四川） Province in 1973 and 1976, and discovered that the Ms8.0 Wenchuan （汶川） earthquake of 2008 was epicentered in a relevant Coulomb stress triggering zone. This suggests that the Coulomb stress on the middle and southern segments of the Longmenshan （龙门山） fault zone increased after the Songpan sequence of strong earthquakes, and the stress increment might cause the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake having al- ready occurred somewhat ahead of time. Further, we calculated and analyzed Coulomb stress changes coinduced by both the Songpan sequence and the Ms8.0 Wenchuan mainshock. The result shows that the Ms6.4 Qingchuan （青川） earthquake of May 25, 2008 on the northeastern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone was triggered by the Wenchuan mainshock, and that the southwestern segment of the fault zone is also in the stress triggering zone. Besides, t

Background: Studies on mental health following disasters have primarily focused on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet severe, enduring, and disabling grief [i.e. complicated grief (CG)] also appears relevant. Objective: The present study examines symptom profiles of PTSD and CG among bereaved Sichuan earthquake survivors 1 year after the disaster. Method: Self-report measures of demographic, disaster, and loss-related characteristics and symptoms of PTSD and CG were administered among 803 survivors (63% women; mean age = 46.7 years). Latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify subgroups of people with different PTSD and CG symptom profiles. Results: The LCA demonstrated that a five-class solution yielded the best fit, consisting of a CG class with low PTSD and high CG (N = 208), a combined class with high PTSD and high CG (N = 205), a class with low PTSD and partial CG (N = 145), a class with partial PTSD and CG (N = 136), and a resilient class with low PTSD and CG (N = 108). Being a woman (vs man), losing a child or spouse (vs other), being injured (vs non-injured), and/or having a missing family member (vs non-missing) predicted membership of the CG class compared to other classes. Conclusions: CG appears to be a unique consequence of disasters involving many casualties. Disaster survivors should be screened for CG and provided with appropriate psychological treatment. * Earthquakes elicit post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complicated grief (CG), but research on CG is still limited.* We performed the first latent class analysis on PTSD and CG among bereaved earthquake survivors.* The analysis demonstrated a five-class solution, which includes a CG class and a resilient class* The results suggest that disaster mental health services should screen for CG and offer CG-specific therapies.

On April 20, 2013, an Ms7.0 earthquake occurred in Ya＇an-Lushan region, Sichuan Province, China, killing and injuring more than one thousand people. Therefore, it is critical to outline the areas with potential aftershocks before reconstruction and re-settlement as to avoid future disasters. Based on the elastic dislocation theory and multi-layered lithospheric model, we calculate the co and post-seismic stress changes caused by the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes to discuss the relationship between Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake and Ms7.0 Lushan earthquake, the influences on the distribution of aftershock caused by the Lushan earthquake, and the stress changes on major faults in this region. It is shown that the Coulomb failure stress incre ment on the hypocenter of Lushan earthquake caused by the Wenchuan earthquake is about 0.0037-0.0113 MPa. And the possible maximum value （0.0113 MPa） is larger than the threshold of stress triggering. Therefore, the occurrence of Lushan earthquake is probably effectively promoted by the Wenchuan earthquake. The aftershock distribution is well explained by the co-seismic stress changes of Lushan earthquake. By the two ends of the rupture of Lushan earthquake with increased Coulomb failure stress, a lack of aftershock recordings indicates the high seismic hazard. The stress accumulation and corresponding seismic hazard on the Kangding-Dafu segment of the Xinshuihe fault, the Beichuan-Yingxiu fault, the Pengxian-Guanxian fault, and the Ya＇an fault are further increased by the Lushan earthquake and post-seismic process of Wenchuan earthquake.

Following the Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, the Mw6.6 Lushan earthquake is another devastating earthquake that struck the Longmenshan Fault Zone （LFZ） and caused severe damages. In this study, we collected continuous broadband ambient noise seismic data and earthquake event data from Chinese provincial digital seismic network, and then utilized ambient noise to- mography method and receiver function method to obtain high resolution shear wave velocity structure, crustal thickness, and Poisson ratio in the earthquake source region and its surroundings. Based on the tomography images and the receiver function results, we further analyzed the deep seismogenic environment of the LFZ and its neighborhood. We reveal three main findings： （1） There is big contrast of the shear wave velocities across the LFZ. （2） Both the Lushan earthquake and the Wenchuan earthquake occurred in the regions where crustal shear wave velocity and crustal thickness change dramatically. The rupture faults and the aftershock zones are also concentrated in the areas where the lateral gradients of crustal seismic wave speed and crustal thickness change significantly, and the focal depths of the earthquakes are concentrated in the transitional depths where shear wave velocities change dramatically from laterally uniform to laterally non-uniform. （3） The Wenchuan earthquake and its aftershocks occurred in low Poisson ratio region, while the Lushan earthquake sequences are located in high Poisson ratio zone. We proposed that the effect of the dramatic lateral variation of shear wave velocity, and the gravity potential energy differences caused by the big contrast in the topography and the crustal thickness across the LFZ may constitute the seismogenic environment for the strong earthquakes in the LFZ, and the Poisson ratio difference between the rocks in the south and north segments of the Longmenshan Fault zone may explain the 5 years delay of the occurrence of the Lushan earthquake than the Wenchuan earthquake.