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目的探讨血脂康对THP．1巨噬细胞源性泡沫细胞形成及ATP结合盒转运体A1（ABCAl）和G1（ABCGl）介导的胆固醇外流的影响。方法将THP．1诱导分化成巨噬细胞，再将细胞随机分为空白对照组f正常生长的THP-1细胞），OX—LDL组（100mg／LOX-LDL），血脂康组（100mg／LOX-LDL＋100μg／ml血脂康），溶媒组（100mg／LOX．LDL＋100μg／mlDMSO），培养48h后测定各组细胞内脂质含量，检测ABACl和ABCGlmRNA和蛋白表达的变化，并测定胆固醇外流率。结果用OX-LDL与THP-1巨噬细胞共孵育后，细胞质内有大量脂滴存在，符合泡沫细胞的形态特点。血脂康组泡沫化程度明显减轻。与空白对照组和溶媒组比较，血脂康组细胞内脂质含量明显减少（P〈O．01），ABCAl和ABCGl表达水平增加（P〈0．05），胆固醇流出率增加（p〈0．05）。结论血脂康可通过上调ABCAl和ABCGl的表达来促进胆固醇外流，从而有效抑制泡沫细胞的形成。

目的 通过观察抗磷脂抗体（APA）对氧化低密度脂蛋白（ox-LDL）诱导U937细胞泡沫化进程及血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）分泌的影响,以探讨APA致动脉粥样硬化（AS）的机制.方法 利用细胞培养、酶荧光法、透射电镜、DNA凝胶电泳及ELISA方法,观察在ox-LDL存在条件下APA对人类单核细胞株U937内胆固醇、胆固醇酯的含量、细胞凋亡、VEGF蛋白分泌的影响.结果 ox-LDL（80 mg/g细胞）作用48 h,U937细胞内胆固醇[（215±10） mg/g细胞vs.（243±7）mg/g细胞]、胆固醇酯[（87±10）mg/g细胞vs.（226±12）mg/g细胞]明显增加,但未达到泡沫化细胞,也未出现凋亡现象;在加入APA后,胞质内胆固醇[（276±10） mg/g细胞]、胆固醇酯[（384±13）mg/g细胞]进一步增加,生化指标及形态学改变均显示达泡沫化程度,且出现凋亡细胞;同时细胞分泌VEGF蛋白的水平由（2 331±178）pg/mL增加到（2 716±145） pg/mL.结论 APA可以促进U937摄取ox-LDL,诱使细胞出现凋亡现象,加速U937细胞的泡沫化进程和提高VEGF的分泌.

ince it is di血cult to distinguish market fundamentals from bubbles in the asset prices， the prior empirical studies on bubble research primarily focused on whether the price of an asset contains bubble. For the same reason， the theoreti-cal development has not addressed the issue of if bubble does exist， what should its relationship be with the market fund a- mental. This paper first develop a model of stochastic bubble. Hypotheses of the relationships be tween the bubble and the market fundamentals are derived. Assuming the premiums on thefunds' shares are bubble， it then test empirically whether the1989-1990 hyper speculation on the four closed-end funds in the Taiwan Stock Exchange is consistent with the predictions of the theoretical model. The empirical results shows that the return on bubble was significantly higher than the return on market fundamental while bubble lasted. The volatility of share prices in the bubble period is significantly higher thanthe volatility in the control period. Consistent wi

Recently, graphene foam （GF） with a three-dimensional （3D） interconnected network produced by template-directed chemical vapor deposition （CVD） has been used to prepare composite phase-change materials （PCMs） with enhanced thermal conductivity. However, the pore size of GF is as large as hundreds of micrometers, resulting in a remarkable thermal resistance for heat transfer from the PCM inside the large pores to the GF strut walls. In this study, a novel 3D hierarchical GF （HGF） is obtained by filling the pores of GF with hollow graphene networks. The HGF is then used to prepare a paraffin wax （PW）-based composite PCM. The thermal conductivity of the PW/HGF composite PCM is 87% and 744% higher than that of the PW/GF composite PCM and pure PW, respectively. The PW/HGF composite PCM also exhibits better shape stability than the PW/GF composite PCM, negligible change in the phase-change temperature, a high thermal energy storage density that is 95% of pure PW, good thermal reliability, and chemical stability with cycling for 100 times. More importantly, PW/HGF composite PCM allows light-driven thermal energy storage with a high light-to- thermal energy conversion and storage efficiency, indicating its great potential for applications in solar-energy utilization and storage.

Nickel cobalt sulfides （Ni-Co-S） have attracted extensive attention for application in electronic devices owing to their excellent conductivity and high electrochemical capacitance. To facilitate the large-scale practical application of Ni-Co-S, the excellent rate capability and cyclic stability of these compounds must be fully exploited. Thus, hierarchical Ni-Co-S@Ni-W-O （Ni-Co-S-W） core/shell hybrid nanosheet arrays on nickel foam were designed and synthesized herein via a facile three-step hydrothermal method, followed by annealing in a tubular furnace under argon atmosphere. The hybrid structure was directly assembled as a free-standing electrode, which exhibited a high specific capacitance of 1,988 F·g^-1 at 2 A·g^-1 and retained an excellent capacitance of approximately 1,500 F·g^-1 at 30 A·g^-1, which is superior to the performance of the pristine Ni-Co-S nanosheet electrode. The assembled asymmetric supercapacitors achieved high specific capacitance （155 F·g^-1 at 1 A·g^-1）, electrochemical stability, and a high energy density of 55.1 W·h·kg^-1 at a power density of 799.8 W·kg^-1 with the optimized Ni-Co-S-W core/shell nanosheets as the positive electrode, activated carbon as the negative electrode, and 6 M KOH as the electrolyte.

The growing demand for portable electronic devices means that lightweight power sources are increasingly sought after. Electric double layer capacitors （EDLCs） are promising candidates for use in lightweight power sources due to their high power densities and outstanding charge/discharge cycling stabilities. Three-dimensional （3D） self-supporting carbon-based materials have been extensively studied for use in lightweight EDLCs. Yet, a major challenge for 3D carbon electrodes is the limited ion diffusion rate in their internal spaces. To address this limitation, hierarchically porous 3D structures that provide additional channels for internal ion diffusion have been proposed. Herein, we report a new chemical method for the synthesis of an ultralight （9.92 mg/cm3） 3D porous carbon foam （PCF） involving carbonization of a glutaraldehyde- cross-linked chitosan aerogel in the presence of potassium carbonate. Electron microscopy images reveal that the carbon foam is an interconnected network of carbon sheets containing uniformly dispersed macropores. In addition, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements confirm the hierarchically porous structure. Electrochemical data show that the PCF electrode can achieve an outstanding gravimetric capacitance of 246.5 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g, and a remarkable capacity retention of 67.5% was observed when the current density was increased from 0.5 to 100A/g. A quasi-solid-state symmetric supercapacitor was fabricated via assembly of two pieces of the new PCF and was found to deliver an ultra-high power density of 25 kW/kg at an energy density of 2.8 Wh/kg. This study demonstrates the synthesis of an ultralight and hierarchically porous carbon foam with high capacitive performance.

Novel three-dimensional （3D） concentration-gradient Ni-Co hydroxide nanostructures （3DCGNC） have been directly grown on nickel foam by a facile stepwise electrochemical deposition method and intensively investigated as binder- and conductor-free electrode for supercapacitors. Based on a three- electrode electrochemical characterization technique, the obtained 3DCGNC electrodes demonstrated a high specific capacitance of 1,760 F·g^-1 and a remarkable rate capability whereby more than 62.5% capacitance was retained when the current density was raised from 1 to 100 A·g^-1. More importantly, asymmetric supercapacitors were assembled by using the obtained 3DCGNC as the cathode and Ketjenblack as a conventional activated carbon anode. The fabricated asymmetric supercapacitors exhibited very promising electrochemical performances with an excellent combination of high energy density of 103.0 Wh·kg^-1 at a power density of 3.0 kW·kg^-1, and excellent rate capability-energy densities of about 70.4 and 26.0 Wh·kg^-1 were achieved when the average power densities were increased to 26.2 and 133.4 kW·kg^-1, respectively. Moreover, an extremely stable cycling life with only 2.7% capacitance loss after 20,000 cycles at a current density of 5 A·g^-1 was achieved, which compares very well with the traditional doublelayer supercapacitors.

Silicon physical unclonable function （PUF） is a popular hardware security primitive that exploits the intrinsic variation of IC manufacturing process to generate chip-unique information for various security related applications. For example, the PUF information can be used as a chip identifier, a secret key, the seed for a random number generator, or the response to a given challenge. Due to the unpredictability and irreplicability of IC manufacturing variation, silicon PUF has emerged as a promising hardware security primitive and gained a lot of attention over the past few years. In this article, we first give a survey on the current state-of-the-art of silicon PUFs, then analyze known attacks to PUFs and the countermeasures. After that we discuss PUF-based applications, highlight some recent research advances in ring oscillator PUFs, and conclude with some challenges and opportunities in PUF research and applications.

Carbon materials, including carbon fibers, graphite, diamond, carbon foams, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, are attractive reinforcements for aluminum matrix composites due to their excellent mechanical and/or physical properties as well as light weight. Carbon materials reinforced aluminum （C/Al） composites are promising materials in many areas such as aerospace, thermal management, and automobile. However, there are still some challenging problems that need to be resolved, such as interfacial reactions, low wettability, and anisotropic properties. These problems have limited the use of these composites. This review mainly focuses on the categories, fabrication processes, existing problems and solutions, coatings and interfaces, challenges and opportunities of C/Al composites so as to provide a useful reference for future research.

An improved Hummers method was developed for the simple and efficient production of high-quality graphene oxide （GO）, and the composite of GO and nickel foam （NF） （GO/NF） was fabricated by ultrasonication-vacuum-assisted deposition of an aqueous solution of GO on NF. After chemical or thermal reduction, the composite of reduced GO and nickel foam （rGO/NF） was obtained. The electrochemical capacitance performance of rGO/NF was investigated using cyclic voltammetry and gal- vanostatic charge/discharge measurements. The chemically reduced rGO/NF composite （C-rGO/NF） exhibited high specific capacitance of 379 F/g at 1.0 A/g and 266.5 F/g at 10 A/g. We also prepared thermally reduced graphene oxide at 473 K in or- der to illuminate the difference in effect between the chemical and low-temperature thermal reduction methods on electro- chemical properties. The cycling performance of thermally reduced rGO/NF composite （T-rGO/NF） and C-rGO/NF had ~91% and ~95% capacitance retention after 2000 cycles in a 6 mol/L KOH electrolyte, respectively. Electrochemical experiments in- dicated that the obtained rGO/NF has very good capacitive performance and could be used as a potential application of elec- trochemical capacitors. Our work revealed high electrochemical capacitor performance of rGO/NF composite and provided a facile method of rGO/NF preparation.