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Quantitative analysis and retrieval is given by the State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics（SOED）,Second Institute of Oceanography（SIO）,State Oceanic Administration（SOA）,China,from the first batch of GF-3 synthetic aperture radar（SAR）data with ocean internal wave features in the Yellow Sea.

The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis ERA40, National Centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP） 20th-century reanalysis, and three station observations along an Antarctic traverse from Zhongshan to Dome-A stations are used to assess 2-m temperature simulation skill of a regional climate model. This model （HIRHAM） is from the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in Germany. Results show： （1） The simulated multiyear averaged 2-m temperature field pattern is close to that of ERA40 and NCEP; （2） the cold bias relative to ERA40 over all of Antarctic regions is 1.8℃, and that to NCEP reaches 5.1℃; （3） bias of HIRHAM relative to ERA40 has seasonal variation, with a cold bias mainly in the summer, as much as 3.4℃. There is a small inland warm bias in autumn of 0.3℃. Further analysis reveals that the reason for the cold bias of 2-m temperature is that physical conditions of the near-surface boundary layer simulated by HIRHAM are different from observations： （1） During the summer, observations show that near-surface atmospheric stability conditions have both inversions and non-inversions, which is due to the existence of both positive and negative sensible heat fluxes, but HIRHAM almost always simulates a situation of inversion and negative sensible heat flux; （2） during autumn and winter, observed near-surface stability is almost always that of inversions, consistent with HIRHAM simulations. This partially explains the small bias during autumn and winter.

The global surface temperature change since the mid-19th century has caused general concern and intensive study. However, long-term changes in the marginal seas, including the seas east of China, are not well understood because long-term observations are sparse and, even when they exist, they are over limited areas. Preliminary results on the long-term variability of sea surface temperature （SST） in summer and winter in the seas east of China during the period of 1957-2001 are reported using the Ocean Science Database of Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the coastal hydrological station in situ and satellite data. The results show well-defined warming trends in the study area. However warming and cooling trends vary from decade to decade, with steady and rapid warming trends after the 1980s and complicated spatial patterns. The distribution of SST variation is intricate and more blurred in the areas far away from the Kuroshio system. Both historical and satellite data sets show significant warming trends after 1985. The warming trends are larger and spread to wider areas in winter than in summer, which means decrease in the seasonal cycle of SST probably linked with recently observed increase of the tropical zooplankton species in the region. Spatial structures of the SST trends are roughly consistent with the circulation pattern especially in winter when the meridional SST gradients are larger, suggesting that a horizontal advection may play an important role in the long-term SST variability in winter.

The Journal of Ocean University of China （Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research） is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China, published one volume per year. This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries. The fields covered include the physical, chemical, biological, geo- logical, environmental, engineering and technological aspects of these sciences. The types of papers include research papers, notes, technical reports, science and technology letters, reviews and overviews, etc. It has been indexed by SCI-E since 2012.

The Journal of Ocean University of China （Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research） is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China, published one volume per year. This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries. The fields covered include the physical, chemical, biological, geo- logical, environmental, engineering and technological aspects of these sciences. The types of papers include research papers, notes, technical reports, science and technology letters, reviews and overviews, etc. It has been indexed by SCI-E since 2012.

The Journal of Ocean University of China （Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research） is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China, published one volume per year. This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries. The fields covered include the physical, chemical, biological, geological, environmental, engineering and technological aspects of these sciences. The types of papers include research papers, notes, technical reports, science and technology letters, reviews and overviews, etc. It has been indexed by SCI-E since 2012.

The Journal of Ocean University of China （Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research） is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China, published one volume per year. This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries. The fields covered include the physical, chemical, biological, geological, environmental, engineering and technological aspects of these sciences. The types of papers include research papers, notes, technical reports, science and technology letters, reviews and overviews, etc. It has been indexed by SCI-E since 2012.

The Journal of Ocean University of China （Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research） is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China, published one volume per year. This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries. The fields covered include the physical, chemical, biological,

The Journal of Ocean University of China （Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research） is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China, published one volume per year. This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries. The fields covered include the physical,

The Journal of Ocean University of China （Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research） is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China, published one volume per year. This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries. The fields covered include the physical, chemical, biological, geological, environmental, engineering and technological aspects of these sciences. The types of papers include research papers, notes, technical reports, science and technology letters, reviews and overviews, etc. It has been indexed by SCI-E since 2012.