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Q89%X171; 为了解万山汞矿区弹琴蛙(Nidirana adenopleura)组织重金属富集特征及其关联,对万山汞矿区典型农田生境内弹琴蛙组织(肝脏、皮肤、股骨、肌肉和趾骨)中铬(Cr)、锰(Mn)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、砷(As)、硒(Se)和汞(Hg)这10种重金属元素的生物富集特征差异进行分析,结合非负矩阵分解分析法识别重金属元素的来源及贡献,并通过灰色关联度分析法分析弹琴蛙组织重金属元素间的关联性.结果表明:重金属元素在万山汞矿区弹琴蛙体内富集程度不同,平均质量分数由大到小依次为 Zn、Cu、Mn、Pb、Se、Cr、Hg、Cd、Ni、As;Cu、Se、Cr、Ni、Cd 和 Hg主要富集在肝脏组织中,Mn、Zn和Pb主要富集在股骨和趾骨组织中,As主要富集在肌肉组织中.基于非负矩阵分解和相关分析,Hg、Cu、Cr、Pb和Se主要源于汞矿开采,As主要来源于农业活动,Mn主要来源于锰矿冶炼,Ni、Zn和Cd来源于多种复合途径.总之,两栖动物趾骨具有较好的生物指示作用,可作为一种非致命性的检测方法,用于动物重金属污染的研究.研究结果可为万山汞矿区环境污染防控和野生动物保护提供科学依据.

Accumulation of metals in both sediments and Phragmites australis organs was studied. Samples were collected from seven stations located in Anzali wetland, Iran. The samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that concentration of the studied metals (except As and Cd) were higher in sediments than in P. australis organs. Metal accumulation was found to be significantly (P <0.05) higher in roots than in above-ground organs of P. australis. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and the transfer factor (TF) also verified the highest rate of metal accumulation in roots and their reduced mobility from roots to the above-ground organs. Pearson correlation coefficient showed significant relationships between metal concentrations in sediments and those in plant organs. It should be pointed out that sediment and plant samples exhibited higher metal concentrations in eastern and central parts than in western and southern parts of the wetland. The mean concentrations of all studied elements (except for Fe, V and Al) were higher in these sediment samples than in the Earth’s crust and shale. High accumulation of metals in P. australis organs (roots and shoots) is indicative of their high bioavailability in sediments of the wetland. The correlation between metal concentrations in sediments and in P. australis indicates that plant organs are good bioindicators of metal pollution in sediments of Anzali wetland.

In the current study, we determined concentrations and transfer rates of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, P, Rb, Sr and Zn to Brown Birch Scaber Stalks （Leccinum scabrum） mushrooms emerged in the area of Sudety Mountains （Sudetes） in Poland. Fruiting bodies and topsoil samples beneath L. scabrum were collected form the Ktodzka Dale. The trace elements were determined using validated method and inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy （ICP-AES） for final measurement. Mushrooms contained Ag, Cr, Hg, Co, Ni and Sr at 〈 1.0μg/g dry weight; Ba and Pb at -1.0μg/g dw; Cd at 〈 5μPg/g dw; Cu and Mn at 〉 10 μg/g dw; Al and Ca at -100μg/g dw; Fe, Na, Rb and Zn at lOO to 500μg/g dw, Mg at -1.000μg/g dw; P at -5,000 μg/g dw and K at -30,000 μg/g dw. Ca, Mn and Ni were nearly equally distributed between stipes and caps; stipes compared to caps were enriched in Ba, Na and Sr, while caps were enriched in Ag, Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, P, Pb, Rb and Zn. The values of bioconcentration factor （BCF） varied highly depending on chemical element and were 〉1 for Ag, Cd, Cu, K, Mg, Na, P, Rb and Zn, while 〈1 for A1, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Sr. Topsoil showed elevated content of lead and mean concentration was 99 ± 32 μg/g dw, while cadmium was at 0.41 ± 0.15 and those two highly toxic to human elements occurred in edible caps of L. scabrum at 4.5 ± 2.2 and 2.9 ± 2.0 μg/g dw, respectively.

Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) concentrations were determined in the tissues (muscle, stomach, liver, gills, skin, and gonads) of five commercial fish species (mullet Liza haematocheilus, flathead Platycephalus indicus, mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius, silver pomfret Pampus argenteus, and sea bass Lateolabrax japonicus) from Laizhou Bay in the Bohai Sea. Metal bioaccumulation was highest in the metabolically active tissues of the gonads and liver. Bioconcentration factors for Zn were higher in all tissues (gonads 44.35, stomach 7.73, gills 7.72, liver 5.61, skin 4.88, and muscle 1.63) than the corresponding values for Cu (gonads 3.50, stomach 3.00, gills 1.60, liver 5.43, skin 1.50, and muscle 0.93). Mackerel tissues accumulated metal to higher concentrations than did other fish species, but bioaccumulation levels were not significantly correlated with the trophic levels of the fish. Zn and Cu concentrations in the tissues were generally negatively correlated with fish length, except for a few tissues of sea bass. Risk assessment based on national and international permissible limits and provisional tolerances for weekly intake of Zn and Cu revealed that the concentrations of these two metals in muscle were relatively low and would not pose hazards to human health.

Concentrations of the trace metals Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn were measured in seawater, rhizosphere sediments, interstitial water, and the tissues of three tropical species of seagrasses (Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides and Cymodocea rotundata) from Xincun Bay of Hainan Island, South China. We analyzed different environmental compartments and the highest concentrations of Pb and Zn were found in the interstitial and seawater. The concentrations of Cd and Zn were significantly higher in blades compared with roots or rhizomes in T. hemprichii and E. acoroides, respectively. A metal pollution index (MPI) demonstrated that sediment, interstitial water, and seagrasses in the sites located nearest anthropogenic sources of pollution had the most abundant metal concentrations. There was obvious seasonal variation of these metals in the three seagrasses with higher concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn in January and Cd in July. Furthermore, the relationships between metal concentrations in seagrasses and environmental compartments were positively correlated significantly. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) demonstrated that Cd from the tissues of the three seagrasses might be absorbed from the sediment by the roots. However, for C. rotundata, Zn is likely to be derived from the seawater through its blades. Therefore, the blades of T. hemprichii, E. acoroides and C. rotundata are potential bio-indicators to Cd content in sediment, and additionally Zn content (C. rotundata only) in seawater.

Mercury (Hg) concentrations in the tissues (muscle, stomach, liver, gills, skin, and gonads) of five fish species (mullet Liza ha em atocheil us, flathead fish Platycephalus indicus, sea bass Lateolabraxjaponic u s, mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius and silver pomfret Pampus argenteus) collected from Laizhou Bay in the Bohai Sea of China were investigated. The results indicate that Hg bioaccumulation in the five fish was tissue-specific, with the highest levels in the muscle and liver, followed by the stomach and gonads. The lowest levels were found in the gills and skin. Fish at higher trophic levels (flathead fish and sea bass) exhibited higher Hg concentrations than consumers at lower trophic levels. Mercury bioaccumulation tended to be positively correlated with fish length in mullet, silver pomfret, mackerel, and flathead fish, but was negatively correlated with fish length in sea bass. The Hg concentrations in the muscles of all fish species in Laizhou Bay were within the permissible limits of food safety set by national and international criteria. However, the suggesting maximum consumption of sea bass is 263 g per week for human health.

目的为深入研究miR-199a-3p在膀胱癌形成和发展中的作用提供理论依据。方法分析miR-199a-3p序列,预测其靶基因和转录因子,并对靶基因进行GO富集和KEGG Pathway分析;构建TF-miR-199a-3p-靶基因网络调控图。结果 miR-199a-3p序列在多物种间具有高度保守性;GO分析发现miR-199a-3p的靶基因参与细胞调节、代谢调节、细胞大分子生物合成等生物过程（P〈0.01）;KEGG Pathway分析发现miR-199a-3p的靶基因显著富集在上皮细胞的细菌入侵通路、ECM受体的相互作用通路、PI3K-Akt信号通路、MAPK信号通路、小细胞肺癌通路、癌症中的蛋白聚糖通路等;根据构建的TF-miR-199a-3p-靶基因网络调控图,挖掘出可能受miR-199a-3p调控的重要基因有MYC、SP1、mTOR、NFκB、NFκB1等。结论 miR-199a-3p可能通过直接靶向作用mTOR,调节PI3K-Akt-mTOR信号通路,从而参与膀胱癌的形成和发展。