Explore the vast range of titles available.

以2015年1～12月捕自四川荥经县的171只成体赤腹松鼠为研究对象,首次测定了其血清电解质等5项指标值,并分析了性别、季节差异及妊娠因素对指标的影响。结果显示:1)雌、雄赤腹松鼠血清离子浓度参数无显著性别差异。2)无机磷(Pi)浓度春、冬季高于夏、秋季; 钾离子(K+)浓度春季最高; 钠离子(Na+)浓度冬季最高,其次夏、秋季,春季最低; 氯离子(Cl-)浓度春季低于秋、冬季; 钙离子(Ca2+)浓度春季低于冬季。3)妊娠鼠无机磷(Pi)、钙离子(Ca2+)浓度低于,钾离子(K+)浓度高于未妊娠鼠。结果表明,雌、雄赤腹松鼠血清离子浓度参数具有同一性,且皆具有季节变化,这可能与雌、雄鼠的繁殖状态及生活环境的多样性变化有关。

目的 观察复方果糖电解质注射液在肾移植术后多尿期的补液效果。方法 回顾性分析2004年1月－2013年12月上海长征医院1279例肾移植后多尿期的补液治疗方案，均采用复方果糖电解质注射液补液，监测患者的血电解质、血糖、尿糖、二氧化碳结合力（CO2CP）及肾功能变化情况。结果 肾移植后多尿期尿量峰值出现在术后3～9h，其中最高尿量达到2500ml/h。血钠、钾、氯均在正常范围，血钙处于正常范围的下限，CO2CP在正常范围，血肌酐浓度随时间推移而明显下降。术前患者血糖均控制在正常范围内，术后血糖水平略有上升，但多处于正常范围上限或者稍高于正常值，且术后1周内未出现血糖的剧烈波动。尿糖受手术的影响更小，术后无升高趋势。结论 复方果糖电解质注射液可较好地维持肾移植后多尿期的水、电解质和酸碱平衡，并能有效解决传统循环补液治疗存在的液体种类多、操作繁琐和高血糖等问题。

1临床资料 患者女性,78岁,退休医生,主因＂间断喘息3个月,加重半月＂于2011年1月31日入院。患者于入院前3个月无明显诱因出现活动后喘息,无发热、咳嗽、咳痰,无胸痛和心悸,查心电图示＂窦性心动过速＂,予＂倍他乐克＂口服,喘息无明显缓解;半月前喘息加重,伴轻咳少痰,查电解质、心肌酶、血常规、脑钠肽等均正常,

目的比较单极宫腔镜电切术和等离子双极宫腔镜电切术的安全性及优越性。方法收集行宫腔镜黏膜下肌瘤电切术患者60例。所有患者均于术前、术后即刻检测外周静脉血Na^＋、Cl^-、K^＋、Glu浓度,记录手术时间、灌流液吸收量、术中出血量等指标,应用SPSS10.0统计软件进行比较分析。结果①单极电切组术后Na^＋、Cl^-、K^＋浓度较术前明显下降（P〈0.05）,而Glu则明显升高（P〈0.05）;等离子双极电切组术前、术后Na^＋、Cl^-、K^＋、Glu浓度变化均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。②术后比较,两组间Na^＋、Cl^-、Glu的变化具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,手术时间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;单极电切组灌流液吸收量、术中出血量均较等离子双极电切组为多（P〈0.05）。③单极电切组中,Ⅱ型肌瘤患者的Na^＋、Cl^-、Glu浓度、灌流液吸收量、手术时间、术中失血量均明显高于Ⅰ型肌瘤及0型肌瘤患者;等离子双极电切组中,Ⅱ型肌瘤患者的灌流液吸收量、手术时间、术中失血量亦均明显高于Ⅰ型肌瘤及0型肌瘤患者,（P〈0.05）,但Na^＋、Cl^-、K^＋、Glu浓度变化3型之间无明显差异。结论相对于单极宫腔镜电切术而言,等离子双极电切术不引起血电解质及血糖的明显变化,术中出血量相对较少。肌瘤类型对灌流液吸收量、手术时间、术中出血量影响较大,Ⅱ型肌瘤的灌流液吸收量、手术时间、术中出血量明显较0型及Ⅰ型增多。

山茶花是我国著名的木本花卉，在园林上主要用作地栽或者盆栽供观赏，少数品种也可用作盆景或者切花。花可入药，种子可以榨油食用，木材可供雕刻之用，总之山茶全身是宝。

Novel hierarchical coral-like Ni-Mo sulfides on Ti mesh （denoted as HC-NiMoSfri） were synthesized through facile hydrothermal and subsequent sulfuration processes without any template. These non-precious HC-NiMoS/Ti hybrids were explored as bifunctional catalysts for urea-based overall water splitting, including the anodic urea oxygen evolution reaction （UOR） and cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction （HER）. Due to the highly exposed active sites, excellent charge transfer ability, and good synergistic effects from multi-component reactions, the HC-NiMoS/Ti hybrid exhibited superior activity and high stability, and only a cell voltage of 1.59 V was required to deliver 10 mA.cm-2 current density in an electrolyte of 1.0 M KOH with 0.5 M urea.

Flexible and easily reconfigurable supercapacitors show great promise for application in wearable electronics. In this study, multiwall C nanotubes （CNTs） decorated with hierarchical ultrathin zinc sulfide （ZnS） nanosheets （ZnS@CNT） are synthesized via a facile method. The resulting ZnS@CNT electrode, which delivers a high specific capacitance of 347.3 F·g^-1 and an excellent cycling stability, can function as a high-performance electrode for a flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor using a polymer gel electrolyte. Our device exhibits a remarkable specific capacitance of 159.6 F·g^-1, a high energy density of 22.3 W·h·kg^-1, and a power density of 5 kW·kg^-1 It also has high electrochemical performance even under bending or twisting. The all-solid-state supercapacitors can be easily integrated in series to power different commercial light-emitting diodes without an external bias voltage.

Development of active and durable electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) remains one challenge for the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology. Pt-based nanomaterials show the greatest promise as electrocatalyst for this reaction among all current catalytic structures. This review focuses on Pt-based ORR catalyst material development and covers the past achievements, current research status and perspectives in this research field. In particular, several important categories of Pt-based catalytic structures and the research advances are summarized. Key factors affecting the catalyst activity and durability are discussed. An outlook of future research direction of ORR catalyst research is provided.

Although polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells （PEMFCs） have received broad attention due to their virtually zero emission, high power density, and high efficiency, at present the limited stability of the electrocatalysts used in PEMFCs is a critical limitation to their large-scale commercialization. As a type of popularly used electrocatalyst material, carbon black supported platinum （Pt/C）--although highly efficient--undergoes corrosion of carbon, Pt dissolution, Ostwald ripening, and aggregation of Pt nanoparticles （NPs） under harsh chemical and electro- chemical oxidation conditions, which results in performance degradation of the electrocatalysts. In order to overcome these disadvantages, many groups have tried to improve the carbon support materials on which Pt is loaded. It has been found that some novel carbon nanomaterials and noncarbon materials with high surface areas, sufficient anchoring sites, high electrical conductivities, and high oxidation resistance under the strongly oxidizing condition in PEMFCs are ideal alternative supports. This review highlights the following aspects： （i） Recent advances in using novel carbon nanomaterials and noncarbon support materials to enhance the long-term durability of electrocatalysts; （ii） solutions to improve the electrical conductivity, surface area, and the strong interaction between metal and supports; and （iii） the synergistic effects in hybrid supports which help improve the stability of electrocatalysts.

An asymmetrical supercapacitor （ASC）, comprising reduced graphene oxide （rGO）-encapsulated nickel phosphite hollow microspheres （NPOH-0.5@rGO） as positive electrode, and porous nitrogen/sulfur co-doped rGO aerogel （NS-3D rGO） as negative electrode has been prepared. The NPOH-0.5@rGO electrode combines the advantages of the NPOH hollow microspheres and the conductive rGO layers giving rise to a large specific capacitance, high cycling reversibility, and excellent rate performance. The NS-3D rGO electrode with abundant porosity and active sites promotes electrolyte infiltration and broadens the working voltage range. The ASC （NPOH-0.5@rGO//NS-3D rGO） shows a maximum voltage of up to 1.4 V, outstanding cycling ability （capacitance retention of 95.5% after 10,000 cycles）, and excellent rate capability （capacitance retention of 77% as the current density is increased ten times）. The ASC can light up an light-emitting diodes （LED） for more than 20 min after charging for 20 s. The fabrication technique and device architecture can be extended to other active oxide and carbon-based materials for next-generation high-performance electrochemical storage devices.