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目的 探讨HB-EGF在皮肤鳞状细胞癌中的作用机制。方法 用免疫组化的方法检测正常组织，癌旁组织和鳞状细胞癌皮损中HB-EGF蛋白表达。结果 在正常皮肤组织中，HB-EGF、表达于基底层(100．0％)，基底上层仅有少量表达(12．5％)；在癌旁组织中，HB-EGF不仅位于基底层(100．0％)，且在基底上层中也有表达(91．7％)；在鳞状细胞癌皮损中，几乎无HB-EGF、的表达(8．3％)。结论 HB-EGF在鳞状细胞癌发病的早期阶段起关键作用，基底层中的：HB-EGF对保持正常表皮形态有重要的作用。

A microRNA expression screen was performed analyzing 157 different microRNAs in laser-microdissected tissues from benign melanocytic nevi （n = 10） and primary malignant melanomas （n = 10）, using quantitative real-time PCR. Differential expression was found for 72 microRNAs. Members of the let-7 family of microRNAs were significantly downregulated in primary melanomas as compared with benign nevi, suggestive for a possible role of these molecules as tumor suppressors in malignant melanoma. Interestingly, similar findings had been described for lung and colon cancer. Overexpression of let-7b in melanoma cells in vitro downregulated the expression of cyclins D1, D3, and A, and cyclin-dependent kinase （Cdk） 4, all of which had been described to play a role in melanoma development. The effect oflet-7b on protein expression was due to targeting of 3＇-untranslated regions （3＇UTRs） of individual mRNAs, as exemplified by reporter gene analyses for cyclin D1. In line with its downmodulating effects on cell cycle regulators, let-7b inhibited cell cycle progression and anchorage-independent growth of melanoma cells. Taken together, these findings not only point to new regulatory mechanisms of early melanoma development, but also may open avenues for future targeted therapies of this tumor.

Hidradenocarcinoma originates in the eccrine glands located in sun-exposed areas and accounts for approximately 6% of malignant eccrine tumors and 〈0.001% of all skin cancers.[1,2] Hidradenocarcinoma usually presents as a solitary,firm,asymptomatic intradermal nodule measuring 1-5 cm,covered by intact or occasionally ulcerated purple-,pink-,or blue-colored lesions.[1] While hidradenocarcinoma typically grows slowly over many years,it may suddenly undergo a rapid increase in size.The differential diagnosis of hidradenocarcinoma is very challenging because the appearance of the lesion is benign and similar to that of other skin tumors.In this report,we present the case of a patient with hidradenocarcinoma who was treated with wide excision and full-thickness skin grafting.

Objective：Vitamin D receptor（VDR）mediates vitamin D activity.We examined whether VDR expression in excised melanoma tissues is associated with VDR gene（VDR）polymorphisms.Methods：We evaluated VDR protein expression（by monoclonal antibody immunostaining）,melanoma characteristics,and carriage of VDR-Fok I-rs2228570（C〉T）,VDR-Bsm I-rs1544410（G〉A）,VDR-ApaI-rs7975232（T〉G）,and VDR-TaqI-rs731236（T〉C）polymorphisms（by restriction fragment length polymorphism）.Absence or presence of restriction site was denoted by a capital or lower letter,respectively：＂F＂and＂f＂for Fok I,＂B＂and＂b＂for Bsm I,＂A＂and＂a＂for ApaI,and ＂T＂and＂t＂for TaqI endonuclease.Seventy-four Italian cutaneous primary melanomas（52.1±12.7 years old）were studied;51.4% were stage Ⅰ,21.6% stage Ⅱ ,13.5% stage Ⅲ,and 13.5% stage Ⅳ melanomas.VDR expression was categorized as follows：100% positive vs.〈100%;over the median 20%（high VDR expression）vs.≤20%（low VDR expression）;absence vs.presence of VDR-expressing cells.Results：Stage I melanomas,Breslow thickness of〈1.00 mm,level II Clark invasion,Aa heterozygous genotype,and AaTT combined genotype were more frequent in melanomas with high vs.low VDR expression.Combined genotypes BbAA,bbAa,AATt,BbAATt,and bbAaTT were more frequent in 100%vs.〈100%VDR-expressing cells.Combined genotype AATT was more frequent in melanomas lacking VDR expression（odds ratio=14.5;P=0.025）.VDR expression was not associated with metastasis,ulceration,mitosis〉1,regression,tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes,tumoral infiltration of vascular tissues,additional skin and non-skin cancers,and melanoma familiarity.Conclusions：We highlighted that VDR polymorphisms can affect VDR expression in excised melanoma cells.Low VDR expression in AATT carriers is a new finding that merits further study.VDR expression possibly poses implications for vitamin D supplementation against melanoma.VDR expression and VDR genotype may become precise medicinal tools for melanoma in the future.

In most industrialized countries, prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer of men. When detected early, most cases are curable, but for tumors that have metastasized, there is no curative therapy. Pharmaceutical androgen ablation or castration induces remission in most patients with metastatic disease, but if the patient lives long enough, the tumor becomes androgenindependent. In some patients, chemotherapy induces remission, which mostly is of short duration. Therefore, new treatment modalities are needed for androgen-independent prostate cancer.