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本文利用11个微卫星多态位点检测东北林蛙（Rana dybowskii）的遗传多样性和种群遗传结构。6个东北林蛙种群的75个个体分布于中国的小兴安岭和长白山地区。11个位点在所有种群中得到的等位基因数为2～10个不等,平均5.6个;平均期望杂合度（HE）为0.572,属于中度多态。基因分化系数（FST）分析表明小兴安岭和长白山地区的种群间遗传分化显著（P〈0.001）,基于Nei＇s DA遗传距离构建的UPGMA系统树和AMOVA的结果进一步验证了结论的准确性。因此, 建议将分布于小兴安岭和长白山的东北林蛙划分为两个单独的管理单元加以保护和管理。

The deformation and snap-through behaviour of a thin-walled elastic spherical shell statically compressed on a flat surface or impacted against a flat surface are studied theoretically and numerically in order to estimate the influence of the dynamic effects on the response. A table tennis ball is considered as an example of a thin-walled elastic shell. It is shown that the increase of the impact velocity leads to a variation of the deformed shape thus resulting in larger deformation energy. The increase of the contact force is caused by both the increased contribution of the inertia forces and contribution of the increased deformation energy.The contact force resulted from deformation/inertia of the ball and the shape of the deformed region are calculated by the proposed theoretical models and compared with the results from both the finite element analysis and some previously obtained experimental data. Good agreement is demonstrated.

Effective utilization of renewable energy sources and efficient management of electric energy are essential for any developing countries like India. This can be envisioned through the implementation of concepts of smart grid (SG). One of the key requisites for SG implementation is that the grid should be completely observable. Renovation of conventional Indian power grid to a SG necessitates incorporation of the phasor measurement units (PMUs) in the present power grid measurement and monitoring system. Since the cost of PMU is high and any bus containing a PMU makes the neighboring connected buses observable, optimal placement of PMUs is very important for complete observability of the grid. This paper proposes optimal redundant geographical locations in the northern, eastern and north-eastern regions of Indian power grid for PMU placement. The PMUs installed in these geographical locations will make the grid completely observable and maintain the observability under the conditions of failure of some PMUs or branch outages. Integer linear programming has been used for finding the optimal PMU locations. The results proposed in this paper can be a stepping stone for revamping the Indian power grid to a SG ensuring complete observability during different contingency conditions.

Here, we conducted a survey to examine the diversity, distribution and habitat association of small mammals from August 2011 to February 2012 incorporating both wet and dry seasons in Aridtsy forest, Awi Zone, Ethiopia. Using Sherman live traps and snap traps in four randomly selected trapping grids, namely, natural forest, bushland, grassland and farmland, a total of 468 individuals comprising eight species of small mammals（live traps） and 89 rodents of six species（snap traps） were trapped in 2352 and 1200 trap nights, respectively. The trapped small mammals included seven rodents and one insectivore： Lophuromys flavopuntatus（30.6%）, Arvicanthis dembeensis（25.8%）, Stenocephalemys albipes（20%）, Mastomys natalensis（11.6%）, Pelomys harringtoni（6.4%）, Acomys cahirinus（4.3%）, Lemniscomys zebra（0.2%） and the greater red musk shrew（Crocidura flavescens, 1.1%）. Analysis showed statistically significant variations in the abundance and habitat preferences of small mammals between habitats during wet and dry seasons.

We try to inject the idea of marine eco-civilization into marine management. By enriching connotation of marine management,the idea of marine management is improved by combining ecology,sociology and management. Current marine management in China has many problems. From the angle of enhancing marine eco-civilization construction,we put forward that marine area in whole country needs to be planned by taking marine eco-civilization as starting point,regional marine management idea should be enhanced,and division of marine management unit should be innovated,finally realizing innovation of marine management mechanism and marine sustainable development.

兴趣点（point of interest,POI）是地理信息服务的重要形式。互联网上的POI信息大多位于深网网络（deep web）中,其数据量极其庞大。随着互联网技术与应用的快速普及和地理信息服务的深入发展,POI信息资源规模不断增长、更新更为频繁,充分挖掘深网网络中蕴含的POI数据,对于丰富地理信息资源、提升空间信息服务与内容管理能力具有重要意义。当前,通用搜索引擎和普通深网爬行方法难以有效获取深网POI数据,