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The objective of this research is to improve the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of Al/GNPs（graphene nanoplatelets） nanocomposites produced by classical powder metallurgy and hot rolling techniques. The microstructural evaluation confirmed the uniform dispersion of GNPs at low content and agglomeration at higher contents of GNPs. The structure of graphene was studied before and after the mixing and the Raman spectrum proofs that the wet mixing has a great potential to be used as a dispersion method. There was no significant peak corresponding to the Al_4C_3 formation in both the differential scanning calorimetry curves and X-ray diffraction patterns. The microstructural observation in both fabrication techniques showed grain refinement as a function of the GNPs content. Moreover, the introduction of the GNPs not only improved the Vickers hardness of the composites but also decreased their density. The thermal conductivity investigations showed that in both the press-sintered and hot-rolled samples, although the thermal conductivity of composites was improved at low GNPs contents, it was negatively affected at high GNPs contents.

Magnesium matrix composites reinforced with AlN particles were fabricated by the powder metallurgy technique. The evolution of lattice constants and solid solubility levels of Al in α-Mg and the microstructure of Mg-Al/AlN composites were investigated in the present study. The results showed that the solid solubility of Al in α-Mg reached a relatively high level by the P/M process with a long time of milling. X-ray diffraction showed that the peaks of Mg phase clearly shifted to higher angles. The lattice constants and cell volume decreased significantly compared with those of standard Mg due to a significant amount of Al incorporated into α-Mg in the form of substitutional solid solution. The degree of lattice deformation decreased at a low sintering temperature and increased at higher sintering temperatures due to the presence of AlN. Microstructural characterization of the composites revealed a necklace distribution of AlN particles in the Mg matrix. Heat treatment led to precipitation of Mg17Al12 from the supersaturated α-Mg solid solution. The pre- cipitate exhibited granular and lath-shaped morphologies in Mg matrix and ftocculent precipitation around AlN particles.

Pure tungsten （PW） and W-1 wt% La203 （WL10） were prepared by powder metallurgical route fol- lowed by the swaging ＋ rolling process. The logarithmic strains are 0, 0.37, 0.58, and 0.98 for WL10 and 0, 0.58 for PW. Heat treatments were performed at temperatures var- ied from 1,573 to 2,173 K to determine the recrystalliza- tion temperature. Recrystallization temperatures are 1,973 and 2,173 K for WL1 （logarithmic strain of 0.37） and WL3 （logarithmic strain of 0.98）, respectively. But in the case of WL2 （logarithmic strain of 0.58）, full recrystallization is not achieved at temperature of above 2,173 K. Further- more, the recrystallization temperature of PW with loga- rithmic strain of 0.58 is at least 300 K lower than that of the equivalent WLI0 sample. Moreover, the increase of recrystallization temperature inhibits the strength degra- dation of WL2： samples lose 4 % and 22 % strength when annealed at 1,573 and 1,973 K compared with room tem- perature （RT） sample. Finally, the texture evolution for the swaged ＋ rolled WL10 is significantly related to the deformation degree： the dominated orientation is （001） for WL2 while （110） for WL3.

Al-Cu-Mg/B4Cp metal matrix composites with reinforcement of up to 20 wt% were produced using the powder metallurgy technique. The effects of reinforcement ratio, reinforcement size, milling time, and compact pressure on the density and porosity of the composites reinforced with 0, 5, 10, and 20 wt% B4C particles were studied. Moreover, an artificial neural network model has been developed for the prediction of the effects of the manufacturing parameters on the density and porosity of powder metallurgy Al-Cu-Mg/B4Cp composites. This model can be used for predicting the densification behavior of Al-Cu-Mg/B4Cp composites produced under reinforcement of different sizes and amounts with various milling times and compact pressures. The mean absolute percentage error for the predicted values did not exceed 1.6%.

The modified Hermitian and skew-Hermitian splitting （MHSS） iteration method and preconditioned MHSS （PMHSS） iteration method were introduced respectively. In the paper, on the basis of the MHSS iteration method, we present a PMHSS iteration method for solving large sparse continuous Sylvester equations with non-Hermitian and complex symmetric positive definite/semi-definite matrices. Under suitable conditions, we prove the convergence of the PMHSS iteration method and discuss the spectral properties of the preconditioned matrix. Moreover, to reduce the computing cost, we establish an inexact variant of the PMHSS iteration method and analyze its convergence property in detail. Numerical results show that the PMHSS iteration method and its inexact variant are efficient and robust solvers for this class of continuous Sylvester equations.

Powder metallurgy（PM） Ti–22Al–24Nb–0.5Mo（at.%） alloys were prepared by hot isostatic pressing. In order to study the feasibility of PM ＋ ring rolling combined process for preparing Ti_2AlNb rings, thermal mechanical simulation tests of PM Ti_2AlNb alloys were conducted and two rectangular PM rings（150 mm in height, 75 mm in thickness,350 mm in external diameter） were rolled as a validation experiment. Experimental results show that the flow stress of Ti_2AlNb alloys exhibited a significant drop at the very beginning of the deformation（true strain／0.1）, and became stable with the increase in strain. Stress instability phenomenon of PM Ti_2AlNb alloys was more obvious than that of wrought alloy. Flow stress fluctuation at the initial stage of deformation is related to phase transition of Ti_2AlNb alloys which strongly depends on heat treatment and thermal mechanical deformation process. Processing windows during initial stage of ring rolling process is very crucial. A sound PM Ti_2AlNb rectangular ring blank（height = 150 mm, thickness = 30 mm, external diameter = 750 mm） was successfully rolled in two passes by using the improved heat preservation method and optimized rolling parameters. Tensile properties of PM Ti_2AlNb alloy were improved, and the porosity was reduced after ring rolling.

The cold upsetting studies were carried out for the aluminium metal matrix hybrid composites in the present study. Aluminium metal matrix hybrid composites were synthesised through powder metallurgy route from ball-milled powders to yield the following compositions：Al ＋ 2.5 wt% TiO2＋ 2 wt% Gr, Al ＋ 2.5 wt% TiO2＋ 4 wt% Gr, Al ＋ 5.0 wt% TiO2＋ 2 wt% Gr and Al ＋ 5.0 wt% TiO2＋ 4 wt% Gr. The compaction process was carried out using suitable punch and die in 40 k N hydraulic press, and sintering was done in an electric muffle furnace at the temperature of 590 °C for 3 h. The sintered preforms were subjected to incremental compressive loading of 10 k N until the cracks were found at the free surface. The true axial stress, true hoop stress, true hydrostatic stress and true effective stress were calculated for all the preforms, and all these stresses are correlated with the true axial strain. The stress ratio parameters（rz/reff, rh/reff, rz/rmand rh/rm） of the all preforms were correlated with true axial strain. The maximum true axial stress, true hoop stress, true effective stress and hydrostatic static stress are obtained for the composite containing5 wt% of TiO2 and 4 wt% of graphite and the minimum ones are obtained for composite containing 2.5 wt% of TiO2 and 2 wt% of graphite.

The mechanical and tribological properties of Cu-based powder metallurgy （P/M） friction composites containing 10wt%-50wt% oxide-dispersion-strengthened （ODS） Cu reinforced with nano-Al2O3 were investigated. Additionally, the friction and wear behaviors as well as the wear mechanism of the Cu-based composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS） elemental mapping. The results indicated that the Cu-based friction composite containing 30wt% ODS Cu exhibited the highest hardness and shear strength. The average and instantaneous friction coefficient curves of this sample, when operated in a high-speed train at a speed of 300 km/h, were similar to those of a commercial disc brake pad produced by Knorr-Bremse AG （Germany）. Additionally, the lowest linear wear loss of the obtained samples was （0.008 ± 0.001） mm per time per face, which is much lower than that of the Knorr-Bremse pad （（0.01 ± 0.001） mm）. The excellent performance of the developed pad is a consequence of the formation of a dense oxide composite layer and its close combination with the pad body.

The need for nickel-base powder metallurgy （PM） superalloy turbine discs is becoming increasingly evi dent. With the eventual aim of improving thrust-to-weight ratio of aeroengines for power generation, well integration of significantly high strength, high damage tolerance and high-temperature capability would be reasonably required. An advanced PM superalloy, which was designed for applications up to 815- 8 5 0 ℃, was experimentally investigated. Emphasis was primarily put on microstructure and mechanical properties. The results indicated the measured phases in the sample were composed of γ,γ＇, MC, and Ma B2. With uniform coarse grain microstruc ture （ASTM 5-6）, the sample appeared to exhibit overwhelming superiority over the prior art materials FGH95, FGH96, FGH97 and FGH98. The dominant embodiments consisted of high tensile strength （Rm = 1000 MPa and Rp0.2 800 MPa at 850℃）, strong creep resistance （ξp 0.12% at 815 ℃/400 MPa/50 h）, and considerable stressrupture life （τ=457.4 h at 815 ℃/450 MPa）. The technical practicability of applications up to 815-850 ℃ of this alloy was conclusively proved.

The hot deformation behavior of powder met- allurgical （PM） TiAI alloys was investigated on Gleeble- 3500 thermomechanical simulator, at a temperature range of 1050-1200 ℃ with an interval of 50℃ and a strain rate range of 0.001-1.000 s-1. The results show that the flow stress of PM TiAI alloy is sensitive to deformation tem- perature and strain rate, the peak stress decreases with the increase in deformation temperature and decrease in strain rate, and dynamic recrystallization occurs during the hot compression. The deformation active energy was calcu- lated and the flow stress model during high-temperature deformation was established based on the Arrhenius equations and Zener-Hollomon parameter. The deformed microstructure consists of refined homogeneous γ and α2/γ grains.