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A hot compression experiment （1073 1473 K, strain rates of 0. 001-10 s -1 ） of SAS08GR. 4N low alloy steel was performed using a Gleeble-3800 thermal-mechanical simulator, and the hot deformation behavior of the steel was investigated by analyzing both the true stress true strain curves and its microstructures. The thermal de formation equation and hot deformation activation energy （Q） of SA508GR. 4N steel were obtained by regression with a classic hyperbolic sine function. The hot processing map of SAS08GR. 4N steel was also established. An empirical equation for the stress peak was described for practical applications. The SA508GR. 4N steel showed a critical Zener-Hollomon parameter （lnZc） for dynamic recrystallization （DRX） of 37.44, below which full DRX may occur. The sensitivity of the SA508GR. 4N steel increased linearly with test temperature, such that higher temperatures led to enhanced workability.

The fracture toughness of SA508-Ⅲ steel was studied in the temperature range from room temperature to 320℃ using the J-integral method. The fracture behavior of the steel was also investigated. It was found that the conditional fracture toughness （JQ） of the steel first decreased and then increased with increasing test temperature. The maximum and minimum values of do were 517.4 kJ/m^2 at 25℃ and 304.5 kJ/m^2 at 180℃, respectively. Dynamic strain aging （DSA） was also observed to occur when the temperature exceeded 260℃ with a certain strain rate. Both the dislocation density and the number of small dislocation cells effectively increased because of the occurrence of DSA; as a consequence, crack propagation was more strongly inhibited in the steel. Simultaneously, an increasing number of fine carbides precipitated under high stress at temperatures greater than 260℃. Thus, the deformation resistance of the steel was improved and the Jo was enhanced.

The impact toughness of EN-GJS-400-18-LT ductile iron was measured by Charpy V-notch impact test at temperature between-80 and 20℃.The fracture properties were tested under instrumented impact loading.Total impact fracture energy,crack initiation and propagation energy,dynamic loads and the ductile to brittle temperature were measured.Three-dimensional reconstruction of impact fracture morphology was accomplished by confocal laser scanning microscope.The results of quantitative fractography indicate that cleavage fracture produces flatter fracture surfaces accompanying with less absorbed energy during the impact fracture process.It indicates that fracture roughness has a close relationship with crack propagation energy at low temperature.

The present geothermal gradient and terrestrial heat flow was calculated of 18 wells in the Jianghan Basin.Thermal gradient distribution of the Jianghan Basin was obtained based on data of systematical steady-state temperature and oil-test temperature.The basin-wide average thermal gradient in depth interval of 0-4000 m is 33.59℃/km.We report nine measured terrestrial heat flow values based on the data of detailed thermal conductivity and systematical steady-state temperature.These values vary from 41.9 to 60.9 mW/m 2 with a mean of 52.3±6.3 mW/m 2.However,thermal history analyses based on vitrinite reflectance（VR） and apatite fission track（AFT） data indicate that thermal gradient in the northern and southern Qianbei Fault reached its peak of ～36 and ～39℃/km respectively in the Middle Jurassic and the Oligocene,and it descended during the early Miocene to the present-time value.Furthermore,tectonic subsidence analysis reveals that the tectonic subsidence of the Jianghan Basin in the Cretaceous to early Miocene was characterized by synrift initial subsidence followed by the subsequent thermal subsidence.The thermal history and tectonic subsidence history of Jianghan Basin are of great significance to petroleum exploration and hydrocarbon source assessment,because they bear directly on issues of petroleum source rock maturation.Based on the thermal history and tectonic subsidence history,with the combination of geochemical and thermal parameters,the maturation and the hydrocarbon generation intensity evolution history of the P2d source rocks are modeled.The results show that the P2d source rocks are in a higher degree of maturation at present,and the Yuan＇an and Herong sags are the two most important kitchens in the Late Jurassic,Xiaoban Sag is another most important kitchen during the Late Cretaceous to late Paleogene,and the Zhijiang and Mianyang sags are other two important hydrocarbon kitchens in the Late Cretaceous.The Mianyang Sag and Yichang Ramp are the favorable exploration targets in the future.This study may provide new insight for the understanding of the oil and gas exploration potential for the Jianghan Basin.

Hot compression tests of P92 steel at temperatures in the range of 1 173 to 1 523 K and at strain rates in the range of 0.1 to 10 s^-1 were carried out on a Gleeble-3500 thermal-mechanical simulator, and the corresponding flow curves were measured. The results showed that the flow stress and the peak strain increase with decreasing deformation temperature and increasing strain rate. The critical Z value, below which the complete dynamic reerystallization may occur, was determined to have 4.61 × 10^18. The hot deformation activation energy of the steel was about 437 kJ/mol. The hot deformation equation and the microstructure diagram of P92 steel were obtained. For the convenience of the practical application, the empirical equation for the peak stress can be described as σp=17. 17lnε＋902499/T-524.1.

依据临床病理变化、组织病理学观察、病原菌培养鉴定及药敏试验对北京动物园管理处1只死亡的雌性徳氏大羚羊（Tragelaphus derbianus）进行诊断。结果显示：患病动物出现心内膜大面积出血，右心室质软，肺充血，肠黏膜脱落、出血，以及瘤胃浆膜面多脓肿；组织病理学观察发现患病动物出现出血性心肌炎、急性间质性肺炎、急性肾小球肾炎、急性脾出血、胰腺炎与出血性肠炎；肺组织中分离出蜡样芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus），结合临床病理变化和病原菌鉴定结果，分析患病动物疑似感染蜡样芽孢杆菌导致瘤胃浆膜面慢性感染和消化道病变，患病动物抵抗力降低，在极寒天气因素刺激下引发败血症，重要实质器官均出现急性出血表现，最后死亡。药敏试验结果发现，复方新诺明可作为一线治疗药物，恩诺沙星可作为二线用药。本研究结果可为牛科（Bovidae）动物诊断和治疗该类疾病提供参考。

依据临床病理变化、组织病理学观察、病原菌培养鉴定及药敏试验对1只死亡的雌性徳氏大羚羊（Tragelaphus derbianus）进行诊断。结果显示：德氏大羚羊出现心内膜大面积出血，右心室质软，肺充血，肠黏膜脱落、出血，以及瘤胃浆膜面多脓肿；组织病理学观察发现，德氏大羚羊有出血性心肌炎、急性间质性肺炎、急性肾小球肾炎、急性脾出血、胰腺炎与出血性肠炎；肺组织中分离出蜡样芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus），结合临床病理变化和病原菌鉴定结果，分析德氏大羚羊疑似感染蜡样芽孢杆菌导致瘤胃浆膜面慢性感染和消化道病变，使其抵抗力降低，在极寒天气因素刺激下引发败血症，重要实质器官均出现急性出血，最后死亡。药敏试验结果发现，复方新诺明可作为一线治疗药物，恩诺沙星可作为二线用药。本研究结果可为牛科（Bovidae）动物诊断和治疗该类疾病提供参考。

[ Objective] The aim was to study the fermentation technology of monascus pigment of monascus strains JF-02. [ Method] Single factor experiment was carried out to study the influence of temperature, initial pH, culture time, different agricultural byproduct, and nitrogen source on monascus pigment in fermentation solution. Meanwhile, orthogonal experiment was conducted to get the optimal culture medium and cultivation condition. [ Resultl The optimal gene in the pigment of monascus pigment was 200 g/L of rice, 30 g/L of sweet potato powder, 10 g/L of glucose, 15 g/L of monosodium glutamate, 0.1% of zinc sulfate, and 0.1% of magnesium sulfate. The optimal culture condition was 30 ℃ and initial pH was 6.0. Fermentation time was 72 h, but when 24-L fermentation pot was used, culture time can last to 84 h. [ Condusion] The study provided theoretical basis for the development and application of monascus strains.

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