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目的 设计一种新型的适合应用于胆总管探查术的胆道支架,探讨其植入到动物体内的生物相容性及有效性。方法 利用镁合金AZ 31B制备胆道支架。将实验犬随机分为实验组和对照组,每组6只。建立犬急性梗阻性黄疸模型,4d后胆总管直径增宽至约6mm为建模成功。实验组在胆道内放置镁合金胆道支架,并行胆总管一期缝合,对照组则单纯行应用探条扩张胆道狭窄处,并行胆道一期缝合。观察各组死亡率以及胆漏的发生率;于建模前及探查术前、术后1月、3月留取相应样本行镁离子浓度、肝功能检查;定期B超观察胆管狭窄情况;分别在探查术后1月、3月留取胆管组织标本,观察胆管的愈合情况及Masson染色观察吻合口组织胶原纤维的增生情况。结果 实验组和对照组犬血液、粪便以及肝脏、心脏、脑和肺等器官中的镁离子浓度接近,实验组尿液中的镁离子浓度明显高于对照组。实验组和对照组的胆漏发生率分别为0%、16.7%,死亡率分别为16.7%、33.3%。实验组和对照组在建模前、胆总管探查术前总胆红素、碱性磷酸酶无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,在胆总管探查术后1月、3月总胆红素、碱性磷酸酶组间比较有显著差异（P〈0.05）。胆总管探查术后1月和3月行B超检查提示实验组胆管通畅程度良好,无狭窄表现,而对照组胆管出现进行性狭窄,胆总管狭窄以上胆管明显扩张。实验组与对照组在胆总管探查术后1月、3月时,肉眼观察见胆管吻合口愈合良好;镜下观察实验组较对照组黏膜下胶原纤维沉积较少,新生肌纤维较多,管壁增厚较轻。结论 镁合金胆道支架在体内具有良好的生物相容性,其良好的支撑及可降解性能在胆道探查手术及胆道良性狭窄的治疗中得到更好的应用。

In this study, 6061 aluminum alloy and AZ31 B magnesium alloy composite plate was fabricated through explosive welding. Molecular dynamics（MD） simulations were conducted to investigate atomic diffusion behavior at bonding interface in the AI/Mg composite plate. Corresponding experiments were conducted to validate the simulation results. The results show that diffusion coefficient of Mg atom is larger than that of A1 atom and the difference between these two coefficients becomes smaller with increasing collision velocity. The diffusion coefficient was found to depend on collision velocity and angle. It increases linearly with collision velocity when the collision angle is maintained constant at 10° and decreases linearly with collision angle when the collision velocity is maintained constantly at 440 m/s. Based on our MD simulation results and Fick＇s second law, a mathematical formula to calculate the thickness of diffusion layer was proposed and its validity was verified by relevant experiments. Transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive system were also used to investigate the atomic diffusion behavior at the bonding interface in the explosively welded 6061/AZ31B composite plate. The results show that there were obvious Al and Mg atom diffusion at the bonding interface,and the diffusion of magnesium atoms from magnesium alloy plate to aluminum alloy plate occurs much faster than the diffusion of aluminum atoms to the magnesium alloy plate. These findings from the current study can help to optimize the explosive welding process.

The influences of applied magnetic field on the corrosion behavior of Al-3.0 wt%Mg alloy in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were investigated by electrochemical measurements,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）and energy-dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）.Stochastic analysis was applied to investigate the influences of applied magnetic field.The results indicate that the application of horizontal magnetic field of 0.4 T would increase the pitting corrosion potential（E_（pit））,decrease the corrosion current density（i_（corr））,prolong the pit initiation time,slow down the pit generation rate and inhibit the growth of pitting of the tested alloys in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution.The applied magnetic field would also change the mechanism of pit initiation of Al-3.0 wt%Mg alloy from A_3 model（without magnetic field）to A_3＋A_4 model（with magnetic field）.The intermediate product Al_（（ad））~＋ is the paramagnetic ion that would be influenced by magnetic field sensitively.

The effects of ytterbium（Yb） on microstructure and solidification behavior of Al-9.00%Si-0.25%Mg alloys were investigated.By optical microscope（OM） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,it is found that the morphology of eutectic silicon changes from coarse plates to fine fibers by the addition of 0.7%wt Yb.In addition,the grains of α-Al matrix are refined by Yb addition.Phase constitution of the alloy was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer（XRD） and energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）attached with SEM and mechanical properties were measured by hardness test.It is concluded that the Yb atoms are incorporated into the silicon by the adsorption at the solid-liquid growth front to cause the modification of eutectic silicon.Furthermore,the results of XRD and EDS analysis reveal that the Yb-containing phase forming in the alloys is Al_3Yb.

Tungsten inert gas（TIG） welding was performed on 2.7 mm thick commercial extruded AZ31 B magnesium alloy plates. We investigated the effect of post-weld heat treatment（PWHT） on the microstructure, mechanical properties and precipitated phase of the weld joints. The results showed that during the annealing treatment（200 ℃-1 h, 250 ℃-1 h, 300 ℃-1 h, 350 ℃-1 h, 400 ℃-1 h, and 450 ℃-1 h）, the average grain size in the weld seam was the minimum after annealing at 400 ℃ for 1 hour, and then abnormally grew up after annealing at 450 ℃ for 1 hour. The mechanical properties enhanced when the joints were processed from 200 ℃-1 h to 400 ℃-1 h but sharply decreased with increasing annealing temperature. In contrast to the annealing treatment, solution treatment（250 ℃-10 h, 300 ℃-10 h, 350 ℃-10 h, 400 ℃-10 h, and 450 ℃-10 h） exhibited a better ductility but a slight deterioration in tensile strength. Especially speaking, no eutectic compounds（such as Mg17 Al12） were observed in the weld seam. The supersaturated Al atoms were precipitated in a coarse spherical shape dispersed in the weld seam. The precipitated Al atoms dissolved in the matrix substances at the condition（400 ℃-1 h） or（250 ℃-10 h）. The solution treatment caused grain coarsening and precipitated Al atoms dissolved in the weld seam substantially, which resulted in a drop in micro-hardness at the weld seam compared to the area of the annealed joints.

Ultrasonic effect on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Mg-6Zn-0.5Y magnesium alloy was investigated.The results show that ultrasonic treatment can significantly modify the as-cast microstructure of Mg-6Zn-0.5Y alloy.With the application of ultrasonic treatment,the primary a-Mg phase transforms from coarse dendrites to nearly fine equiaxed grains,and the continuous I-phase atα-Mg boundaries is modified into discontinuous one.Interestingly,the area fraction of I-phase decreases after ultrasonic treatment.Besides,the tensile properties of Mg-6Zn-0.5Y alloy are apparently improved after ultrasonic treatment.Compared to those of the untreated alloy,the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of Mg-6Zn-0.5Y alloy are improved by 67%and 56%,respectively.

In the present investigation, composites with silicon carbide particle （SiCp） as reinforcement and AZ91 magnesium alloy as matrix have been synthesized using liquid metal stir-casting technique with optimized processing conditions. The composites with good particle distribution in the matrix, and better grain refinement and good interfacial bonding between the matrix and reinforcement have been obtained. The effect of SiCp content on the physical, mechanical, and tribological properties of Mg-based metal matrix composite （MMC） is studied with respect to particle distribution, grain refinement, and particle/matrix interfacial reactions. The electrical conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion, microas well as macro-hardness, tensile and compressive properties, and the fracture behavior of the composites along with dry sliding wear of the composites have been evaluated and compared with the base alloy.

The corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys can be improved using functional surface modification such as hydrophobic treatment.In this study,a hierarchical hydroxide zinc carbonate（HZC） film was fabricated on AZ31 magnesium alloy via a simple chemical-bath deposition process using urea aqueous solution.The morphologies,compositions and corrosion resistance of the hydrophobic film were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,and electrochemical measurements as well.The results revealed that the HZC film displayed flower-like protrusions and had a thickness of approximately 100 um.The fluoroalkylsilane（FAS）-modified HZC film exhibited a hydrophobic property with a water contact angle of 131.3°.The FAS/HZC film significantly improved the corrosion resistance of the AZ31 alloy due to hierarchical structures and hydrophobic modification.

Dynamic and static aging precipitation of Mg17Al12 phases in AZ80 magnesium alloy was studied by multidirectional forging（MDF） with decreasing temperatures from 410 to 300 ℃ and subsequent aging process. The results show that the morphology of the β-Mg17Al12 phases during forging process dynamically precipitates and aging process（statically precipitation） exhibited granular and laminar shapes, respectively. During the MDF, the inhomogeneous dynamic precipitation of the β-Mg17Al12 phases results in the uniformity on grain size, which is fine in the area with many granular Mg17Al12 phases but the grain is still coarse where there is no Mg17Al12 phases. During the aging process, the morphology of newly formed β-Mg17Al12 phases depends on the structural character of the forged sample. The newly precipitated β-Mg17Al12 phases are coarse laminar and needle-like shape in area with coarse grain. While, the fine newly precipitated β-Mg17Al12 phases are fine granular and needle-like in the area with fine grain.

The influences of rare earth elements（cerium and lanthanum） on the microstructure and phases of Al-3.0 wt%Mg alloys used for electromagnetic shielding wire were characterized by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy-dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）, X-ray diffraction（XRD） and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）. The mechanical properties and electrical resistivity were also investigated. The results indicated that a certain content of rare earth could improve the purification of the aluminum molten, enhance the strength, and reduce the electrical resistivity of Al-3.0 wt%Mg alloys. The strength reached the top value when RE content was 0.3 wt% while the alloy with 0.2 wt% RE addition had the smallest electrical resistivity. The elongation varied little when RE addition was no more than 0.2 wt%. But the excessive addition of rare earth would be harmful to the microstructure and properties of Al-3.0 wt%Mg alloys.