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背景与目的由于RECIST（Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, RECIST）标准不能对存活肿瘤组织进行检测,也不能对所有无法测量病灶的非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）患者的疗效进行准确评估,本研究通过检测进展期NSCLC患者化疗前后血清细胞角蛋白19片段（cytokeratin 19 fragment, CYFRA21-1） 表达水平的变化以评价其在预测进展期NSCLC患者化疗疗效及预后中的临床价值。方法采用全自动生化分析仪电化学发光免疫法检测112例初治的NSCLC患者化疗前和化疗2周期后血清CYFRA21-1表达水平的变化,应用受试者特征工作曲线（receiver operating characteristics curve, ROC）评价血清CYFRA21-1反应在诊断影像学缓解（objective response, OR）中的效能及其与预后的相关性。结果经一线铂类为基础的两药联合方案化疗2周期后,血清CYFRA21-1水平较化疗前基线水平明显下降。80例可评价影像学和血清学疗效的患者中,26.3%（21/80）的患者达到影像学OR。化疗2周期后40.0%（32/80）的患者血清CYFRA21-1水平下降≥60%（血清CYFRA21-1反应）。血清CYFRA21-1反应与影像学OR之间有明显的统计学相关性（P〈0.001）。所有患者的中位生存期为9.9个月,血清CYFRA21-1水平下降≥60%患者的生存期明显长于CYFRA21-1水平下降〈60%的患者（12.3个月 vs 8.9个月,P〈0.001）。单因素分析结果显示,血清CYFRA21-1基线水平、CYFRA21-1反应、PS评分及影像学OR是影响生存期的重要预后因素。Cox多因素生存分析证实,仅血清CYFRA21-1基线水平、CYFRA21-1反应及PS评分是影响预后生存期的独立因素,而OR则与预后无关。结论血清CYFRA21-1水平可敏感地反映影像学肿瘤体积大小的变化,可能是评价进展期NSCLC患者化疗疗效的替代指标,同时也是预测预后生存期的可信指标。

背景：疲憊是血液透析病人非常常見且嚴重的症狀之一，影響病人的生活品質，也增加死亡風險。國內對透析病人疲憊相關因素之研究，不但極少且年代久遠，臺灣洗腎的醫療品質更是優於過往，故值得針對此議題持續探究。目的：探討血液透析病人的疲憊及其相關因素。方法：採橫斷式、相關性研究設計，以血液透析病患疲憊量表、臺灣人憂鬱症量表，採結構式問卷訪談及病歷查詢收集資料。運用獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關分析、多元迴歸分析進行推論性統計。結果：本研究以女性、無工作者居多，平均年齡63.59歲（SD = 10.29），透析時間平均為83.70個月（SD =63.46）。疲憊分數平均為22.74分（SD = 12.34）。年齡（r = .185, p = .024）、白蛋白數值（r = -.245, p =.003）與疲憊程度呈現顯著相關，慢性疾病數（F = 7.48, p = .001）與疲憊程度具顯著差異。憂鬱情緒及白蛋白數值為與疲憊程度之顯著預測因素，可解釋68.5%的總變異量（F = 157.308, p = .001），且憂鬱情緒為主要預測變項。結論／實務應用：可提供臨床醫護人員對評估血液透析疲憊高風險病人瞭解及照護依據，透過專業教育訓練，提供心理支持與資源應用於臨床照護中，並關注個案營養指標，提供個別性護理指導，以期研究結果作為臨床教學、研究及照護之參考。

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a health emergency resulting in multiple stressors that may be related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Objective: This study examined relationships between risk and protective factors, pandemic-related stressors, and PTSD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Data from the European Society of Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) ADJUST Study were used. N = 4,607 trauma-exposed participants aged 18 years and above were recruited from the general populations of eleven countries (Austria, Croatia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, and Sweden) from June to November 2020. We assessed sociodemographic (e.g. gender), pandemic-related (e.g. news consumption), and health-related (e.g. general health condition) risk and protective factors, pandemic-related stressors (e.g. fear of infection), and probable PTSD (PC-PTSD-5). The relationships between these variables were examined using logistic regression on multiple imputed data sets. Results: The prevalence of probable PTSD was 17.7%. Factors associated with an increased risk for PTSD were younger age, female gender, more than 3 h of daily pandemic-related news consumption (vs. no consumption), a satisfactory, poor, or very poor health condition (vs. a very good condition), a current or previous diagnosis of a mental disorder, and trauma exposure during the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors associated with a reduced risk for PTSD included a medium and high income (vs. very low income), face-to-face contact less than once a week or 3-7 times a week (vs. no contact), and digital social contact less than once a week or 1-7 days a week (vs. no contact). Pandemic-related stressors associated with an increased risk for PTSD included governmental crisis management and communication, restricted resources, restricted social contact, and difficult housing conditions. Conclusion: We identified risk and protective factors as well as stressors that may help identify trauma-exposed individuals at risk for PTSD, enabling more efficient and rapid access to care. N =  4,607 trauma-exposed adult participants were recruited from the general population during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence for probable posttraumatic stress disorder was 17.7%. We identified risk factors (e.g. poor health condition) and protective factors (e.g. social contact) associated with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Attempts to identify predictors and mechanisms of invasion success have been weakened by poor data quality, mostly because monitoring does not begin immediately after introduction events. To overcome this issue, we used data from conservation translocations of threatened bird species. We analyzed information on > 1200 translocation events of > 150 bird species to investigate how life-history traits affect population establishment measured based on rates of survival and reproduction. Species position along the slow–fast life-history continuum was a key predictor of translocation success. Species with fast-paced life histories were less likely to survive (over both short-and mid-term) and more likely to breed successfully than species with slow life histories. The temporal partitioning of reproductive effort (number of clutches per year) also affected the probability of successful reproduction. Our results illustrate how conservation-motivated reintroduction programs can provide proxies for the initial stages of the invasion process, enabling empirical tests of predictions from life-history theory and informing management. Los intentos por identificar los pronosticadores y los mecanismos del éxito de invasión han sido debilitados por la poca calidad de los datos, principalmente porque el monitoreo no inicia inmediatamente después de los eventos de introducción. Para superar este tema, usamos datos a partir de las reubicaciones por conservación de especies amenazadas de aves. Analizamos la información de más de 1,200 eventos de reubicación para más de 150 especies de aves y así investigar cómo los atributos de las historias de vida afectan el establecimiento de la población medido con base en tasas de supervivencia y reproducción. La posición de las especies a lo largo del continuo de historias de vida lenta-rápida fue un pronosticador importante para el éxito de la reubicación. Las especies con historias de vida rápidas tuvieron una menor posibilidad de sobrevivir (tanto a corto como a mediano plazo) y una mayor probabilidad de reproducirse exitosamente que las especies con historias de vida lentas. La división temporal del esfuerzo reproductivo (número de puestas por año) también afectó la probabilidad del éxito de la reproducción. Nuestros resultados ilustran cómo los programas de reintroducción motivados por la conservación pueden proporcionar sustitutospara los estadios iniciales del proceso de invasión, permitiendo pruebas empíricas a partir de la teoría de la historia de vida e informando a los administradores. 对物种能否成功引人的预测及其机制的研究面临着低质量数据的不利影响，这主要是因为在引人物种后 没有立即开始监控。为解决这个问题，我们利用濒危鸟类迁地保护的数据，分析了超过150种鸟类1200多次的 迁地保护事件，基于存活率和繁殖率来研究生活史特征如何影响种群的建立。物种在从慢到快的生活史特征连 续变化区间中的位置是预测迁地保护能否成功的关键因素。生活史快的物种比生活史慢的物种短期和中斯的存 活率更低，但繁殖成功率更高。在繁殖上的时间分配（毎年繁殖窝数）也会影响繁殖成功率。我们的结果阐释了 如何利用以保护为动机的重引入项目模拟入侵过程的最初阶段，来对生活史理论中的预测因素进行实证检验，并 为管理提供信息。

Background: Stepped care cognitive behavioural therapy for children after trauma (SC-CBT-CT; aged 7-12 years) can help to increase access to evidence-based trauma treatments for children. SC-CBT-CT consists of a parent-led therapist-assisted component (Step One) with an option to step up to standard therapist-led treatment (Step Two). Studies have shown that SC-CBT-CT is effective; however, less is known about what parent variables are associated with outcome of Step One. Objective: To examine parent factors and their relationship with completion and response among children receiving Step One. Method: Children (n = 82) aged 7-12 (M = 9.91) received Step One delivered by their parents (n = 82) under the guidance of SC-CBT-CT therapists. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate whether the following factors were associated with non-completion or non-response: the parents' sociodemographic variables, anxiety and depression, stressful life experiences and post-traumatic symptoms, negative emotional reactions to their children's trauma, parenting stress, lower perceived social support, and practical barriers to treatment at baseline. Results: Lower level of educational achievement among parents was related to non-completion. Higher levels of emotional reactions to their child's trauma and greater perceived social support were related to non-response. Conclusions: The children seemed to profit from the parent-led Step One despite their parents` mental health challenges, stress, and practical barriers. The association between greater perceived social support and non-response was unexpected and warrants further investigation. To further increase treatment completion and response rates among children, parents with lower education may need more assistance on how to perform the interventions, while parents who are very upset about their child's trauma may need more emotional support and assurance from the therapist. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04073862; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04073862 . Retrospectively registered 03 June 2019 (first patient recruited May 2019). The children seemed to profit from Step One despite parents' mental health challenges and practical barriers. Response may improve if parents' emotional reactions to a child's trauma is addressed. Parents with lower education may need more assistance in performing Step One.

Background: Trauma-affected refugee patients benefit from psychological treatment to different degrees. Only a handful of studies has investigated potential predictors of treatment outcome that could throw light on the great variability in outcomes reported for this group. Such knowledge may be vital to better tailor prevention and treatment efforts to the needs of different individuals and subgroups among these patients. Objective: In a naturalistic and longitudinal study, the aim was to analyse demographics and traumatic exposure as potential predictors of the participants' long-term trajectories of mental health symptoms and quality of life. Method: A group of 54 multi-origin adult refugee patients with complex traumatic exposure, such as armed conflicts, persecution, torture, and childhood adversities, were interviewed face to face over up to 10 years; at therapy admittance, and at varying points in time during and after psychotherapy. Checklists of war-related and childhood trauma, mental health symptoms, and quality of life were included in the interviews. In linear mixed effects analyses, interaction was analysed with potential predictors included separately because of the sample size. Time was modelled as continuous from inclusion into the study. Results: Gender predicted the course of symptoms of post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression, and of quality of life in physical health and social relationships. Childhood family violence and experiences of torture predicted the course of depression, whereas the extent of exposure to war-related trauma events and having experienced torture predicted the course of anxiety. Conclusions: The results indicated greater chronicity in male refugees, in refugees who had experienced domestic violence during childhood, in refugees who had experienced torture, and in refugees with more numerous types of potentially traumatic war-related experiences. The findings highlight the need for gender-sensitive research, rehabilitative efforts, and treatment. HIGHLIGHTS In a 10 year longitudinal and naturalistic therapy follow-up study of traumatized refugees, female gender, childhood trauma, war trauma, and torture predicted mental health and quality of life outcomes. Male participants responded less than females to therapy.