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对影响动物季节性迁徙的因素及其神经机制进行综述，不同类群的动物习性不同，影响迁徙的因素也存在差异，因此较多地探讨了鸟类的迁徙行为。通过研究发现了多种影响动物迁徙的相关神经机制，如光周期视觉神经机制、磁感受神经机制及嗅觉神经机制等。动物迁徙的起源、迁徙原因、如何确定迁徙时间、迁徙导航机制等研究成果，为更深入了解动物的迁徙策略提供了重要的见解，对于进一步研究动物迁徙机制，以及保护迁徙动物及其赖以生存的生态环境具有重要意义。

我国以农业立国,农业景观是我国国土的基本面貌与存在,但这种普遍的存在,往往容易被忽视和轻慢。作为新兴的设计类型与意识形态,城市农业景观的发展必将极大地影响当下城市空间的肌理与结构。本研究利用潍坊市城市农业产值数据和社会经济资料,构建了一套能定量分析影响潍坊市城市农业产值变化的驱动力及其内在驱动机制的指标体系。在时间尺度上,从经济、社会、资源、环境等4个方面初步筛选驱动力原始指标,然后通过相关性分析、主成分分析从原始指标中筛选出15个子驱动力,再利用偏最小二乘法（PLS）分析各驱动力对潍坊市城市农业产值增加量的影响程度,建立驱动机制模型。结果表明：对潍坊市城市农业产值增加量正影响程度较大的因子为农村居民人均纯收入、农业机械总动力、有效灌溉面积、城市污水集中处理率,驱动指数分别为0.250 9、0.101 9、0.165 5、0.133 2,负影响程度较大的因子为农用塑料薄膜使用量,驱动指数为-0.214 6。该研究为城市农业发展提供了借鉴,并为相关研究提供了参考。

利用1990、1997、2007年3期TM遥感影像数据,2008年调查的652块地面样地数据,1990—2007年各年气象和社会经济数据以及地形图、湿地分布图、植被分布图数据,通过偏相关分析,确定各类湿地变化的主导驱动因子,建立湿地变化驱动模型。结果表明：河流和河滩湿地变化的主要驱动因子是年均温度、年蒸发量、年均相对湿度和年奶产量;湖泊湿地变化的主要驱动因子是年蒸发量、年均相对湿度、年人口数量和年奶产量;沼泽和全部湿地变化的主要驱动因子是年降水量、年人口数量和年人均收入。驱动模型的判定系数校正值R2分别为0.830 1、0.757 2、0.967 5、0.833 3、0.967 9,经F检验,在95%可靠性水平下整个模型的自变量对随机变量的影响是显著的。

海平面变化不仅关系到全球环境的演变,而且与人类社会的发展有着极其密切的关系。关于海平面变化的机制研究与精确估算则一直以来是海洋学研究的重点方向之一。通过分析晚中生代以来全球海平面变化记录,在行星尺度和地球轨道尺度上,分析讨论了海平面变化的主要影响机制。结果显示:虽然近100 Ma以来,海平面记录中构造和大洋碳储库周期连续小波分析信号显著,其滤波振幅强度变化也对应了全球性的构造、气候及生物演变事件,反映了由构造运动引起的海-陆格局变化、气候突变以及相应的生物演变事件等全球性变化对海平面变化的影响。但在南极冰盖形成之后,构造周期与大洋碳储库周期的影响对海平面变化的影响出现不同,特别是近5 Ma以来两者出现相反的变化趋势;近10 Ma以来,偏心率周期、斜率周期和岁差周期分别在约0.8、5.3及6.2 Ma之后对海平面变化的影响开始增强,显示出不同地球轨道参数周期对海平面变化影响存在一定的时间差异。而在这一阶段,虽然极地冰盖体积变化与海平面变化的相关性最为显著,但是,海平面变化可能受到地球轨道参数变化引起的高纬度地区冰盖体积变化与低纬度季风演化引起的大洋碳储库变化等因素的共同影响。

Microfluidic droplets have emerged as novel platforms for chemical and biological applications. Manipulation of droplets has thus attracted increasing attention. Different from solid particles, deformable droplets cannot be efficiently controlled by inertia-driven approaches. Here, we report a study on the lateral migration of dual droplet trains in a double spiral microchannel at low Reynolds numbers. The dominant driving mechanism is elucidated as wall effect originated from the droplet deformation. Three types of migration modes are observed with varying Reynolds numbers and the size-dependent mode is intensively investigated. We obtain empirical formulas by relating the migration to Reynolds numbers and droplet sizes. The effect of droplet deformability on the migration and the detailed migration behavior along the double spiral channel are discussed. Numerical simulations are also performed and yielded in qualitative agreement with the experiments. could be a promising alternative to existing inertia-driven approaches bio-particles. This proposed low Re approach based on lateral migration especially concerning deformable entities and susceptible

This paper provides a detailed analysis of the factors influencing the evolution of rural settlements, including natural environmental constraints, infrastructure, regional cultural inheritance and integration, urbanization and rural industrial transformation, land use refor- mation and innovation, rural household behavior conversion, macro-control policy factors, and so on. Based on differences between the ways and degree of effect on rural settlement evolution, these factors are classified into basic factors, new-type factors and mutation factors The drive of basic factors mainly focuses on the traditional inheritance of rural settlements, the new-type factors mainly affect rural settlement transition, and the mutation factors may bring about sudden changes. All these factors constitute a ＂three-wheel＂ driving mechanism for the evolution of rural settlements, and shape three typical driver paths： slow smooth path under the basic factors, new path to rapid development under the new-type factors, and the sudden change path under the mutation factors. The paper also investigates the overall situation of rural settlement evolution in the aspects of settlement system, settlement scale, settlement morphology, settlement function, settlement culture, settlement environment, etc. The general process of rural settlement evolution is divided into four stages： initial, transi- tional, developmental, and mature stages.

The theoretical research of cable-driven mechanisms is developed with its broad applications. The first prototype of cable-driven mechanisms is RoboCrane, which was developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST）. Then many excellent properties were developed and they have a variety of applications such as aerospace, aircraft and automobile industries [1]. Example application for RoboCrane in the field of aircraft mainte- nance is equipped with a quick-change mechanism to remove the robot arm remotely.

As an essential component of proteins and genetic material for all organisms, nitrogen（N） is one of the major limiting factors that control the dynamics, biodiversity and functioning of lacustrine wetlands, in which intensified N biogeochemical activities take place. Reactive N loaded into wetland ecosystems has been doubled due to various human activities, including industrial, agricultural activities and urbanization. The main driving mechanisms of N transport and transformation in lacustrine wetlands are categorized to pushing forces and pulling forces in this study. Geomorphology, wetland age, N concentrations, and temperature are the main pushing forces（passive forces）; whereas water table variation, oxygen concentration, other elements availability, oxidation-reduction potential（Eh） and p H, and microorganisms are the predominant pulling forces（active forces）. The direction and kinetic energy of reactions are determined by pulling forces and then are stimulated by pushing forces. These two types of forces are analyzed and discussed separately. Based on the analysis of driving mechanisms, possible solutions to wetland N pollutions are proposed at individual, regional and global scales, respectively. Additional research needs are addressed to obtain a thorough understanding of N transport and transformations in wetlands and to reduce detrimental impacts of excessive N on such fragile ecosystems.

Since the reform and opening-up, China＇s economy has achieved remarkable development and so does the urbanization. However, there is an unavoidable contradiction between urban sprawl and the protection of arable land and the environment. By redefining the urban sprawl boundary, this paper is to provide a solution for the conflict above on the China＇s urbanization context. The ideal boundary, moderate boundary and limit boundary are defined for urban sprawl in space. Taking Nanjing city as a case, the three urban sprawl boundaries are estimated in this paper based on the calculation of agricultural land resources value in Nanjing. The results show that 1） the integrated value of agricultural （cultivated） land resources in Nanjing is 1.55× 10^7 CNg·hm^-2, the economic value accounts for only 8.74% of the integrated value, while 91.26% of the integrated value has not revealed itself due to the existing institutional arrangements, policy distortions, and imperfect land market; 2） it is difficult to define the ideal and moderate boundaries due to the relatively low price of North Nanjing. In South Nanjing the land price is expensive and the ideal, moderate and limit boundaries are expanded to Jiangning, Qixia, and Yuhuatai; 3） the city scale of South Nanjing should be limited within 5.82 × 10^4 hm^2, which is roughly the same as the designated size of 5.81 × 10^4 hm^2 in the urban planning. It is suggested that the rational scope of urban expansion should be controlled within the moderate boundary.

Climate change and human activities are the two kinds of driving forces in desertification,and assessing their relative role in desertification is of great significance to deeply understanding the driving mechanisms and preventing desertification expansion.This paper has systematically reviewed the progress of the researches on assessing the relative role of climate change and human activities in desertification from qualitative,semi-quantitative and quantitative aspects respectively.The authors found that there were still some problems in the previous researches.For example,the subjectivity in assessment was obvious,the assessment cannot be easily repeated,and the assessment and its results were always based on administrative regions and less taken and expressed in a continuous space.According to the progress of previous researches and the works conducted by the authors recently,we put forward a quantitative approach by selecting NPP as a common indicator to measure the relative role of climate change and human activities in desertification and dividing the ecological process of ＂driving force effect-dynamic response of desertified land＂ into several scenarios.Meanwhile,validation and scale of assessment should be taken into account when quantitative assessment of the relative role of climate change and human activities in desertification are carried out.