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以新疆农业大学图书馆为例,通过调查问卷,对图书馆管理理念、馆藏资源建设及利用、环境建设、读者服务等方面进行读者满意度调查,然后利用验证性因子分析和模糊综合评价对问卷调查结果进行综合分析.据此为进一步加强图书馆建设和改善图书馆服务绩效提出合理化建议.

The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) is a self-report measure for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), corresponding to the diagnostic criteria in the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11). A 12-item version of the ITQ based on samples from English-speaking countries has been presented, and the wider generalizability to other languages needs to be examined. The current study examines the psychometric properties of scores from a longer, preliminary 22-item version of the ITQ and the current reduced 12-item version by means of generalizability theory (G-theory) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The 22-item version of the ITQ was translated into Norwegian and administered to patients in two trauma treatment trials (total N = 202). A generalizability study was used to investigate the psychometric properties of scores reflecting CPTSD. G-theory was also used to investigate alternative measurement designs to optimize the sufficient number of items that provide acceptable generalizability and dependability of scores. Model fit to the theoretical factor structure was then examined by CFA, both for the 22-item version and for the 12-item version of the ITQ. The two subscales negative self-concept and relational disturbances had acceptable generalizability coefficients. We found substantial measurement error related to affective dysregulation, mainly attributable to affective hyperactivation. A latent factor structure model with two separate affective dysregulation factors: hyperactivation and deactivation, represented the data well in the 22-item version. The proposed confirmatory structure model for the 12-item short form did not converge in the CFA. This study supports the applicability of the ITQ in a non-English-speaking country and provides support for the validity of the Norwegian translation. Further research is needed to improve the psychometric properties of the affective dysregulation subscale.

Background: The 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) simplified the description of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and also introduced a new trauma-related diagnosis called complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). CPTSD is linked to earlier, prolonged interpersonal trauma, and is characterized by a broader range of symptoms, in addition to the core PTSD symptoms. The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) has been developed to assess the new diagnostic criteria. Objectives: The primary aim of our study was to test the factor structure of the ITQ in a clinical and a non-clinical Hungarian sample. We also examined whether the degree of traumatization or the type of trauma experienced was associated with meeting the criteria for PTSD or CPTSD, or with the severity of PTSD or disturbances in self-organization (DSO) symptoms, in both samples. Method: A trauma-exposed heterogeneous clinical sample (N = 176) and a non-clinical sample (N = 229) filled out the ITQ and a modified version of the Life Events Checklist (LEC-5). The factor structure of the ITQ was tested by examining the model fit of seven competing confirmatory factor analysis models. Results: A two-factor second-order model with a second-order PTSD factor (measured by three first-order factors) and a DSO factor (measured directly by six symptoms) had the best fit to the data in both samples if an error correlation was allowed between negative self-concept items. Those in the clinical group who reported more interpersonal and childhood trauma experienced more PTSD and DSO symptoms. Also, there were significant, positive, and weak associations between the total number of different traumas and PTSD and DSO factor scores in both samples. Conclusion: ITQ was found to be a reliable tool to differentiate between PTSD and CPTSD, two related but distinct constructs in a clinical and a non-clinical trauma-exposed sample in Hungary. The distinction between PTSD and DSO as related but separate constructs was validated using the ITQ in a Hungarian clinical and non-clinical sample. CPTSD was more frequent than PTSD among general help-seeking clinical clients, while in the non-clinical sample PTSD had a higher prevalence rate. Interpersonal trauma in childhood and adulthood was associated with more PTSD and DSO symptoms.

Second language (L2) reading is a complex construct, and there is no consensus about its dimensionality. The investigation of the dimensionality of L2 reading ability is of great significance since it can provide important implications for teaching and testing. Understanding of the factor structure, subskills, and sub-knowledge of L2 reading is the starting point for language teachers and test developers to plan a syllabus, describe students’ reading proficiency, and develop reading assessments. This study investigated the factor structure of Chinese L2 reading, which has been less commonly studied compared to alphabetic languages. Three hypotheses derived from the literature review have been tested: 1) L2 reading is a unitary skill; 2) L2 reading is bi-divisible; 3) L2 reading is tri-divisible. A series of confirmatory factor analyses shows that the correlated three-factor model is the most appropriate for explaining the factor structure. L2 Chinese reading comprehension can be conceptualized as consisting of three inter-correlated components: lower-level decoding, interim-level textbase construction, and higher-level situation-model building. This study also explores subcomponents of each factor, highlighting Chinese-specific linguistic features and corresponding cognitive processes. Implications for future research, teaching, and testing are provided.