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Language between God and the poets : ma'ná in the eleventh century
\"In the Arabic eleventh century, scholars were intensely preoccupied with the way that language generated truth and beauty. Their work in poetics, logic, theology, and lexicography defined the intellectual space between God and the poets. In Language Between God and the Poets, Alexander Key argues that ar-Raghib al-Isfahani, Ibn Furak, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), and Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani shared a conceptual vocabulary based around the words ma'na and haqiqah. They used this vocabulary to build theories of language, mind, and reality that answered perennial questions: how to structure language and reference, how to describe God, how to construct logical arguments, and how to explain poetic affect.\"--Provided by publisher
Book
A Sufi-Jewish Dialogue
Written in Judeo-Arabic in eleventh-century Muslim Spain but quickly translated into Hebrew, Bahya Ibn Paquda'sDuties of the Heartis a profound guidebook of Jewish spirituality that has enjoyed tremendous popularity and influence to the present day. Readers who know the book primarily in its Hebrew version have likely lost sight of the work's original Arabic context and its immersion in Islamic mystical literature. InA Sufi-Jewish Dialogue, Diana Lobel explores the full extent to whichDuties of the Heartmarks the flowering of the \"Jewish-Arab symbiosis,\" the interpenetration of Islamic and Jewish civilizations. Lobel reveals Bahya as a maverick who integrates abstract negative theology, devotion to the inner life, and an intimate relationship with a personal God. Bahya emerges from her analysis as a figure so steeped in Islamic traditions that an Arabic reader could easily think he was a Muslim, yet the traditional Jewish seeker has always looked to him as a fountainhead of Jewish devotion. Indeed, Bahya represents a genuine bridge between religious cultures. He brings together, as well, a rationalist, philosophical approach and a strain of Sufi mysticism, paving the way for the integration of philosophy and spirituality in the thought of Moses Maimonides.A Sufi-Jewish Dialogueis the first scholarly book in English about a tremendously influential work of medieval Jewish thought and will be of interest to readers working in comparative literature, philosophy, and religious studies, particularly as reflected in the interplay of the civilizations of the Middle East. Readers will discover an extraordinary time when Jewish, Christian, and Islamic thinkers participated in a common spiritual quest, across traditions and cultural boundaries.
eBook
The tragedy of Macbeth
Each edition includes: - Freshly edited text based on the best early printed version of the play - Full explanatory notes conveniently placed on pages facing the text of the play - Scene-by-scene plot summaries - A key to famous lines and phrases - An introduction to reading Shakespeare's language - An essay by an outstanding scholar providing a modern perspective on the play - Illustrations from the Folger Shakespeare Library's vast holdings of rare books.
Book
Portraying Tuberculosis Through Western Art, 1000–2000 CE
In this article, we aim to explore the depiction of TB in Western art across the centuries, shedding light on how it not only reflects a medical journey but also echoes the profound societal shifts accompanying its history. Selection of Artworks From our extensive search, we selected reference artworks that portrayed TB according to previously published iconodiagnosis guidelines (recommendations for the retrospective diagnosis carried out on a work of art representing a human being) (5). First Period, 10th–18th Centuries Throughout history, rulers have sought divine approval to legitimize their reign, a phenomenon integral to the governance of many cultures (6). Before the advent of pasteurization, scrofula was predominantly because of the ingestion of dairy products contaminated with M. bovis that resulted in local infection of the lymph nodes in proximity to the upper digestive tract (10). [...]Period, 19th Century [IMAGE OMITTED:
Journal Article
The Formation of Culture Through Eleventh-Century Ritual and Literature
Culture is the reflection of the values and ideals of society, and changes over time as values change. The early eleventh century was a time of change due to religious ideals and new governments in the French and German Kingdoms, and the values and ideals of those societies were reinforced and molded by ritual veneration of saints’ relics and the episcopal vitae which gave histories of the saints who were venerated and the churches and monasteries that kept their relics. This contribution evaluates the use of saints’ relics by those involved in the pax Dei movement and by Pope Leo IX at the Synod of Reims (1050). It then evaluates how the public veneration of saints helped to promote the ideals found in episcopal vitae from Toul and Regensburg, namely that holy bishops should belong to a network of saints, that they defend and provide for their people, that they support monasticism, and that they show respect for Rome and the office of pope.
Journal Article
Macbeth
Referred to by superstitious actors as 'the Scottish play', William Shakespeare's Macbeth is a tragedy in which appalling earthly crimes have lasting supernatural repercussions. This Penguin Shakespeare edition is edited by George Hunter with an introduction by Carol Rutter. 'By the pricking of my thumbs, Something wicked this way comes'. Promised a golden future as ruler of Scotland by three sinister witches, and spurred on by his wife, Macbeth murders King Duncan to ensure his ambitions come true. But he soon learns the meaning of terror - killing once, he must kill again and again, and the dead return to haunt him. A story of war, witchcraft and bloodshed, Macbeth also depicts the relationship between husbands and wives, and the risks they are prepared to take to achieve their desires. This book contains a general introduction to Shakespeare's life and Elizabethan theatre, a separate introduction to Macbeth, a chronology, suggestions for further reading, an essay discussing performance options on both stage and screen, and a commentary. William Shakespeare (1564-1616) was born to John Shakespeare and Mary Arden some time in late April 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. He wrote about 38 plays (the precise number is uncertain), many of which are regarded as the most exceptional works of drama ever produced, including Romeo and Juliet (1595), Henry V (1599), Hamlet (1601), Othello (1604), King Lear (1606) and Macbeth (1606), as well as a collection of 154 sonnets, which number among the most profound and influential love-poetry in English. If you enjoyed Macbeth, you might like Hamlet, also available in Penguin Shakespeare. Shakespeare - the nearest thing in incarnation to the eye of God. (Lawrence Olivier)
Book
The Christianization of Scandinavia in the Viking era : religious change in Adam of Bremen's historical work
This book discusses Adam of Bremen's perceptions and interpretation of the Christianization of Scandinavia in the Early Middle Ages. The views the chronicler presents in the Gesta Hammaburgensis constitute the central element of this analysis. By departing from the historiography—both the older view of the Gesta as trustworthy, and the recent view of the work as unreliable and biased—this book focuses instead on the Christianization of Scandinavia as an authorial concept. What follows is a reevaluation of the Gesta’s significance both to its medieval audience and the modern historian.
eBook
Intellectualist Mysticism in al-Andalus
The aim of this essay is to shed light on the possible background against which Ba@hya Ibn Paqūda wrote his famous Book of Guidance to the Commandments of the Hearts (Kitāb al-hidāya ilā farā’i@d al-qulūb; Heb.: Sefer torat @hovot ha-levavot), by highlighting the similarities between this work and the much less-known Al-gharīb al-muntaqā min kalām ahl al-tuqā (Selected extraordinary sayings of the God-fearing ones), by Abū ‘Abd Allāh Mu@hammad Ibn Sa‘īd Ibn Khamīs al-Yāburī (d. 503/1109–10). The analysis of various passages from these two works will demonstrate that the Jewish Ba@hya and the Muslim Ibn Khamīs, who both hailed from al-Andalus/Sepharad and were active in more or less the same period (the second half of the eleventh century), shared a very similar mystical worldview. Specifically, the Hidāya and the Muntaqā reflect an intriguing fusion between, on the one hand, theological and psychological-ethical teachings inspired by al-@Hārith al-Mu@hāsibī (d. 243/857), the well-known theologian-mystic from Baghdad, and, on the other hand, philosophical-Neoplatonic concepts, derived most likely from the renowned Rasā’il ikhwān al-@safā’ (The epistles of the sincere brethren/brethren of purity). This is yet another example of how vital the comparative reading of Jewish and Islamic sources is for reconstructing the history of Andalusī/Sephardic thought.
Journal Article