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Recently a data set containing linear and circular polarisation information of a collection of six hundred pulsars has been released. The operative radio wavelength for the same was 21 cm. Pulsars radio emission process is modelled either with synchroton/superconducting self-Compton route or with curvature radiation route. These theories fall short of accounting for the circular polarisation observed, as they are predisposed towards producing, solely, linear polarisation. Here we invoke (pseudo)scalars and their interaction with photons mediated by colossal magnetic fields of pulsars, to account for the circular part of polarisation data. This enables us to estimate the pseudoscalar parameters such as its coupling to photons and its mass in conjunction as product. To obtain these values separately, we turn our attention to recent observation on 47 pulsars, whose absolute polarisation position angles have been made available. Except, a third of the latter set, the rest of it overlaps with the expansive former data set on polarisation type and degree. This helps us figure out, both the pseudoscalar parameters individually, that we report here.

We present a new mechanism of fluctuation-induced Nambu-Goldstone bosons in a scalar field theory of Higgs-Josephson systems. We consider a simple scalar field model with rotational symmetry. When there is an interaction which violates the rotational symmetry, the Nambu-Goldstone bosons become massive and massless bosons are concealed. We present a model where the massive boson becomes a massless boson as a result of the perturbative fluctuation. In our model the -symmetry associated with the chirality is also broken. The transition occurs as a first-order transition at the critical point. The ground state at absolute zero will flow into the state with more massless bosons due to fluctuation effects at finite temperature.

We study the complete tunneling spectroscopy of a normal metal/p-wave superconductor junction ( ) and a normal metal/heterostructure superconductor junction ( ), using the Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk (BTK) method. We find that, for a p-wave superconductor with non-trivial topology, there exists a stable quantized zero-bias conductance peak, and for heterostructure superconductors with non-trivial topology, the emerging zero-bias conductance peak is non-quantized and usually has a considerable gap to the quantized value. Furthermore, the latter is sensitive to parameters, especially to spin-orbit coupling and the s-wave pairing potential. All results of the junction we obtained suggest that the observation of a small zero-bias conductance peak, instead of a quantized zero-bias conductance peak, in current tunneling experiments is a natural result. Based on the experiments' parameters, we find that only by varying the strength of the spin-orbit coupling to be several times smaller than the reported one, can the zero-bias conductance peak be as small as the reported one. Furthermore, the results we obtained suggest that both a stronger spin-orbit coupling and proximity s-wave superconductor with a relatively weaker pairing potential can produce a much more striking zero-bias conductance peak (compared to the experiments), even an almost quantized one. As s-wave superconductors are common in nature, this prediction can be verified using current experiments.