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"1953"
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The mistaken history of the Korean War : what we got wrong then and now
\"Intense propaganda and limited press coverage during the Korean War, coupled with vague objectives and an incomplete victory, resulted in a popular narrative of partial truth and factual omission. Battlefield stories--essentially true but often missing significant information--added an element of myth. Drawing on a range of sources, the author reexamines the war's causes, costs and outcomes\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
The Struggle for Iran
Beginning with the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry in
spring 1951 and ending with its reversal following the overthrow of
Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddeq in August 1953, the Iranian oil
crisis was a crucial turning point in the global Cold War. The
nationalization challenged Great Britain's preeminence in the
Middle East and threatened Western oil concessions everywhere.
Fearing the loss of Iran and possibly the entire Middle East and
its oil to communist control, the United States and Great Britain
played a key role in the ouster of Mosaddeq, a constitutional
nationalist opposed to communism and Western imperialism. U.S.
intervention helped entrench monarchical power, and the reversal of
Iran's nationalization confirmed the dominance of Western
corporations over the resources of the Global South for the next
twenty years. Drawing on years of research in American, British,
and Iranian sources, David S. Painter and Gregory Brew provide a
concise and accessible account of Cold War competition,
Anglo-American imperialism, covert intervention, the political
economy of global oil, and Iran's struggle against autocratic
government. The Struggle for Iran dispels myths and
misconceptions that have hindered understanding this pivotal
chapter in the history of the post-World War II world.
eBook
Alan Moore
Eclectic British author Alan Moore (b. 1953) is one of the most acclaimed and controversial comics writers to emerge since the late 1970s. He has produced a large number of well-regarded comic books and graphic novels while also making occasional forays into music, poetry, performance, and prose.
InAlan Moore: Comics as Performance, Fiction as Scalpel, Annalisa Di Liddo argues that Moore employs the comics form to dissect the literary canon, the tradition of comics, contemporary society, and our understanding of history. The book considers Moore's narrative strategies and pinpoints the main thematic threads in his works: the subversion of genre and pulp fiction, the interrogation of superhero tropes, the manipulation of space and time, the uses of magic and mythology, the instability of gender and ethnic identity, and the accumulation of imagery to create satire that comments on politics and art history.
Examining Moore's use of comics to scrutinize contemporary culture, Di Liddo analyzes his best-known works--Swamp Thing, V for Vendetta, Watchmen, From Hell, Promethea, andLost Girls. The study also highlights Moore's lesser-known output, such asHalo Jones, Skizz, andBig Numbers, and his prose novelVoice of the Fire. Alan Moore: Comics as Performance, Fiction as Scalpelreveals Moore to be one of the most significant and distinctly postmodern comics creators of the last quarter-century.
eBook
Transcriptional signature in microglia associated with Aβ plaque phagocytosis
The role of microglia cells in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is well recognized, however their molecular and functional diversity remain unclear. Here, we isolated amyloid plaque-containing (using labelling with methoxy-XO4, XO4
+
) and non-containing (XO4
−
) microglia from an AD mouse model. Transcriptomics analysis identified different transcriptional trajectories in ageing and AD mice. XO4
+
microglial transcriptomes demonstrated dysregulated expression of genes associated with late onset AD. We further showed that the transcriptional program associated with XO4
+
microglia from mice is present in a subset of human microglia isolated from brains of individuals with AD. XO4
−
microglia displayed transcriptional signatures associated with accelerated ageing and contained more intracellular post-synaptic material than XO4
+
microglia, despite reduced active synaptosome phagocytosis. We identified HIF1α as potentially regulating synaptosome phagocytosis in vitro using primary human microglia, and BV2 mouse microglial cells. Together, these findings provide insight into molecular mechanisms underpinning the functional diversity of microglia in AD.
Microglia associated with Aβ plaques may have a distinct transcriptional signature compared to those in plaque-free areas of the brain in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) models. Here the authors show that amyloid plaque phagocytosis is associated with a specific microglia transcriptional signature in a mouse model of AD.
Journal Article
The Korean War : an international history
\"Although sixty-five years have passed since the armistice, the Korean conflict has never really ended. Tensions remain high on the peninsula as Washington and Pyongyang, as well as Seoul and Pyongyang, continue to face off. It is even more timely now to address the origins of the Korean War, the nature of the confrontation, and the ways in which it affects the geopolitical landscape of Northeast Asia and the Pacific region. With his unmatched ability to draw on sources from every country involved, Wada paints a rich and full portrait of a conflict that continues to generate controversy.\"-- Publisher's description.
Book
A polarizing question: do M1 and M2 microglia exist?
In the twenty-first century, microglia came of age. Their remarkable ontogeny, unique functions and gene expression profile, process motility, and disease relevance have all been highlighted. Neuroscientists interested in microglia encounter an obsolete concept, M1/M2 polarization, suggesting experimental strategies that produce neither conceptual nor technical advances. Ransohoff's Perspective argues against applying this flawed paradigm.
Microglial research has entered a fertile, dynamic phase characterized by novel technologies including two-photon imaging, whole-genome transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis with complementary bioinformatics, unbiased proteomics, cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF; Fluidigm) cytometry, and complex high-content experimental models including slice culture and zebrafish. Against this vivid background of newly emerging data, investigators will encounter in the microglial research literature a body of published work using the terminology of macrophage polarization, most commonly into the M1 and M2 phenotypes. It is the assertion of this opinion piece that microglial polarization has not been established by research findings. Rather, the adoption of this schema was undertaken in an attempt to simplify data interpretation at a time when the ontogeny and functional significance of microglia had not yet been characterized. Now, terminology suggesting established meaningful pathways of microglial polarization hinders rather than aids research progress and should be discarded.
Journal Article
Dissection of artifactual and confounding glial signatures by single-cell sequencing of mouse and human brain
A key aspect of nearly all single-cell sequencing experiments is dissociation of intact tissues into single-cell suspensions. While many protocols have been optimized for optimal cell yield, they have often overlooked the effects that dissociation can have on ex vivo gene expression. Here, we demonstrate that use of enzymatic dissociation on brain tissue induces an aberrant ex vivo gene expression signature, most prominently in microglia, which is prevalent in published literature and can substantially confound downstream analyses. To address this issue, we present a rigorously validated protocol that preserves both in vivo transcriptional profiles and cell-type diversity and yield across tissue types and species. We also identify a similar signature in postmortem human brain single-nucleus RNA-sequencing datasets, and show that this signature is induced in freshly isolated human tissue by exposure to elevated temperatures ex vivo. Together, our results provide a methodological solution for preventing artifactual gene expression changes during fresh tissue digestion and a reference for future deeper analysis of the potential confounding states present in postmortem human samples.
Marsh et al. demonstrate that enzymatic dissociation induces an aberrant ex vivo gene expression signature, most prominently in microglia, which when not addressed can substantially confound downstream analyses. They also identify a similar signature in postmortem human brain in snRNA-seq.
Journal Article