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Pretext for Mass Murder
In the early morning hours of October 1, 1965, a group calling itself the September 30th Movement kidnapped and executed six generals of the Indonesian army, including its highest commander. The group claimed that it was attempting to preempt a coup, but it was quickly defeated as the senior surviving general, Haji Mohammad Suharto, drove the movement’s partisans out of Jakarta. Riding the crest of mass violence, Suharto blamed the Communist Party of Indonesia for masterminding the movement and used the emergency as a pretext for gradually eroding President Sukarno’s powers and installing himself as a ruler. Imprisoning and killing hundreds of thousands of alleged communists over the next year, Suharto remade the events of October 1, 1965 into the central event of modern Indonesian history and the cornerstone of his thirty-two-year dictatorship.
Despite its importance as a trigger for one of the twentieth century’s worst cases of mass violence, the September 30th Movement has remained shrouded in uncertainty. Who actually masterminded it? What did they hope to achieve? Why did they fail so miserably? And what was the movement’s connection to international Cold War politics? In
Pretext for Mass Murder , John Roosa draws on a wealth of new primary source material to suggest a solution to the mystery behind the movement and the enabling myth of Suharto’s repressive regime. His book is a remarkable feat of historical investigation.
Finalist, Social Sciences Book Award, the International Convention of Asian Scholars
eBook
Mokryk, Radomyr: The birth of dissent: the 1960s and the thaw in Ukraine (1956 – 1965)
Mokryk, Radomyr: The birth of dissent: the 1960s and the thaw in Ukraine (1956 – 1965)
Journal Article
Las actitudes políticas
Jean Meynaud y Alain Lancelot: Las actitudes políticas. Buenos Aires, Eudeba, 1965. 125 pp.
Journal Article
Centrosome function and assembly in animal cells
Key Points
Centrosomes are not essential for cell division in most animal cells, although they contribute to the efficiency of mitotic spindle assembly.
Centrosome loss is tolerated surprisingly well in fly cells, but it normally induces a p53-dependent block to proliferation or apoptosis in vertebrate cells.
Centrosome dysfunction in humans may promote cancer by increasing levels of chromosomal instability and/or the metastatic potential of cancer cells, although strong genetic evidence for this link is lacking.
Strong genetic evidence links centrosome dysfunction to microcephaly and primordial dwarfism in humans, although the reasons for this link are unclear.
There have been dramatic recent advances in our molecular understanding of how centrioles and centrosomes assemble.
In flies and in worms, the SPD2 and Polo or Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) proteins cooperate with Cnn (in flies) or SPD-5 (in worms), to drive the assembly of a scaffold structure around the mother centriole during mitosis that functions to recruit other proteins to the mitotic centrosome.
Centrosomes are important microtubule organizers. As many proteins are concentrated at centrosomes, including cell cycle and signalling regulators, centrosomes are also likely to coordinate important cell decisions. Recent findings have shed light on the functions of centrosomes in animal cells and on the mechanisms of centrosome assembly and maturation during mitosis.
It has become clear that the role of centrosomes extends well beyond that of important microtubule organizers. There is increasing evidence that they also function as coordination centres in eukaryotic cells, at which specific cytoplasmic proteins interact at high concentrations and important cell decisions are made. Accordingly, hundreds of proteins are concentrated at centrosomes, including cell cycle regulators, checkpoint proteins and signalling molecules. Nevertheless, several observations have raised the question of whether centrosomes are essential for many cell processes. Recent findings have shed light on the functions of centrosomes in animal cells and on the molecular mechanisms of centrosome assembly, in particular during mitosis. These advances should ultimately allow the
in vitro
reconstitution of functional centrosomes from their component proteins to unlock the secrets of these enigmatic organelles.
Journal Article