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"1980-2005"
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التوحيد في الأناجيل الأربعة وفي رسائل القديسين بولس ويوحنا
يتناول المؤلف في هذا الكتاب عقيدة إلهية المسيح لدى فرق النصارى المختلفة وتطورها عبر التاريخ وعقيدة تأليه المسيح بين الرفض والقبول في الأوساط المسيحية عبر التاريخ والنصوص الإنجيلية النافية لإلهية عيسى والمثبتة لعبوديته والنصوص التي تبين أن الله تعالى هو إله المسيح ومعبوده والنصوص التي تبين أن الله أعظم من المسيح ونصوص تؤكد فيها المسيح محدودية علمه ونصوص تفيد ابتداء بعثة المسيح بنزول الملائكة وروح القدس عليه عند اعتماده على يد النبي يحيى والنصوص التي يصرح فيها المسيح بأنه إنسان وابن إنسان وكذلك حواريوه الخلص ونصوص تثبت الحمل بالمسيح ثم ولادته ثم نموه التدريجي وغير ذلك من النصوص الكاشفة والفاضحة لعقيدة النصارى في عيسى بن مريم عليه السلام.
BOOK
The Growth of Low-Skill Service Jobs and the Polarization of the US Labor Market
We offer a unified analysis of the growth of low-skill service occupations between 1980 and 2005 and the concurrent polarization of US employment and wages. We hypothesize that polarization stems from the interaction between consumer preferences, which favor variety over specialization, and the falling cost of automating routine, codifiable job tasks. Applying a spatial equilibrium model, we corroborate four implications of this hypothesis. Local labor markets that specialized in routine tasL · differentially adopted information technology, reallocated low-skill labor into service occupations (employment polarization), experienced earnings growth at the tails of the distribution (wage polarization), and received inflows of skilled labor.
Journal Article
Enough! : 20 protesters who changed America
\"From Samuel Adams to the students from Parkland, march through history with the heroic revolutionary protesters who changed America. These heroic protesters were not afraid to stand up for what they believed in. They are among the twenty change-makers in this book who used peaceful protests and brave actions to rewrite American history\"--Jacket.
BOOK
Political Uncertainty and Corporate Investment Cycles
We document cycles in corporate investment corresponding with the timing of national elections around the world. During election years, firms reduce investment expenditures by an average of 4.8% relative to nonelection years, controlling for growth opportunities and economic conditions. The magnitude of the investment cycles varies with different country and election characteristics. We investigate several potential explanations and find evidence supporting the hypothesis that political uncertainty leads firms to reduce investment expenditures until the electoral uncertainty is resolved. These findings suggest that political uncertainty is an important channel through which the political process affects real economic outcomes.
Journal Article
Private Equity, Jobs, and Productivity
Private equity critics claim that leveraged buyouts bring huge job losses and few gains in operating performance. To evaluate these claims, we construct and analyze a new dataset that covers US buyouts from 1980 to 2005. We track 3,200 target firms and their 150,000 establishments before and after acquisition, comparing to controls defined by industry, size, age, and prior growth. Buyouts lead to modest net job losses but large increases in gross job creation and destruction. Buyouts also bring TFP gains at target firms, mainly through accelerated exit of less productive establishments and greater entry of highly productive ones.
Journal Article
MIGRATION AND WAGE EFFECTS OF TAXING TOP EARNERS
This article analyzes the effects of income taxation on the international migration and earnings of top earners using a Danish preferential foreigner tax scheme and population-wide Danish administrative data. This scheme, introduced in 1991, allows new immigrants with high earnings to be taxed at a preferential flat rate for a duration of three years. We obtain two main results. First, the scheme has doubled the number of highly paid foreigners in Denmark relative to slightly less paid—and therefore ineligible—foreigners. This translates into a very large elasticity of migration with respect to 1 minus the average tax rate on foreigners, between 1.5 and 2. Second, we find compelling evidence of a negative effect of the scheme-induced reduction in the average tax rate on pretax earnings of foreign migrants at the individual level. This finding can be rationalized by a matching frictions model with wage bargaining where there is a gap between pay and marginal productivity.
Journal Article
Gambling and Comovement
This study shows that correlated trading by gambling-motivated investors generates excess return comovement among stocks with lottery features. Lottery-like stocks comove strongly with one another, and this return comovement is strongest among lottery stocks located in regions where investors exhibit stronger gambling propensity. Looking directly at investor trades, we find that investors with a greater propensity to gamble trade lottery-like stocks more actively and that those trades are more strongly correlated. Finally, we demonstrate that time variation in general gambling enthusiasm and income shocks from fluctuating economic conditions induce a systematic component in investors’ demand for lottery-like stocks.
Journal Article
THE LIMITS OF CAREER CONCERNS IN FEDERALISM: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA
Performance-based promotion schemes in administrative hierarchies have limitations. Chinese provincial leaders, despite facing strong career concerns, make different policy decisions depending on their career backgrounds. Provincial party secretaries who have risen from low to high positions within the province they govern (\"locals\") spend a higher share of budgetary resources on education and health care and invest less in construction infrastructure than party secretaries who have made their most significant career advancements in other provinces (\"outsiders\"). Identification comes from variation in central leadership and term limits. As the promotion mechanism rewards infrastructure investments, locals are less likely to be promoted at the end of the term. We explore various mechanisms and provide evidence that the difference between locals and outsiders is not driven by knowledge or experience. Several pieces of evidence suggest that locals cater to low-level provincial elites, who helped them rise to power. Thus, local career trajectories limit the power of career concerns by fostering competing allegiances.
Journal Article